2. Vitamin A, shown below, is known to have antioxidant properties with positive effects on cardiovascular health. a. Draw arrow pushing mechanism and the most likely product of the reaction between Vitamin A and hydroxy radical. OH ⚫OH b) Using an arrow-pushing mechanism, explain why the newly formed radical would be less damaging to cells than the peroxide radical.
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![2. Vitamin A, shown below, is known to have antioxidant properties with positive effects on
cardiovascular health.
a. Draw arrow pushing mechanism and the most likely product of the reaction between Vitamin
A and hydroxy radical.
OH
⚫OH
b) Using an arrow-pushing mechanism, explain why the newly formed radical would be less
damaging to cells than the peroxide radical.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F743fb83c-b612-4cb6-a56e-64f0dd4a813c%2F921ce8f3-7552-4f07-a49d-3dd38ac1f708%2Fif6i4nk_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- Draw all secondary resonance structures for benzaldehyde. a. Is the aldehyde group electron donating or electron withdrawing? b. Which position(s) on the aromatic ring are most likely to react with an electrophile? HIn Chapter 18, we will learn about the hydrolysis of acetals to aldehydes and ketones. Four of the seven steps in the mechanism for this process are shown in the conversion of acetal A to hemiacetal E. a.Add curved arrows for each step. b.Draw another resonance structure for C. c.Identify the nucleophile and electrophile in Step [3]. d.Which steps are Brønsted–Lowry acid–base reactions?a.) What was the product of the first step (reaction involving HCl)? b.)What was the product of the second step (reaction involving NaOH)? If something else formed as the product of the first reaction, use that alternative structure as the reactant for this second reaction. c.)How would you change the reaction conditions (either step 1 or step 2) to ensure you obtained the planned final product as the major product.
- What is the rate-determining step in the mechanism of an electrophilic substitution reaction of benzene? Select one: OA. Attachment of the electrophile to benzene ring. OB. Bonding of catalyst to electrophile precursor. O C. Reformation of acid catalyst. OD. Formation of the electrophile. OE. Loss of H+ ion form arenium ion intermediate to reform aromatic ring.Which of the following statement about using curved arrows in polar reaction mechanism is true? a. The nucleophile can be either negatively charged or positively charged. b. The electrophile can be either neutral or positively charged. c. Electrons move from an electrophilic sink to a nucleophilic source. d. None of the above. a b c dNeed your help for this: Show the reaction mechanism for the formation of a. RCONH2 from the reaction of RCOOR' with NH3 b. RCOOR" from the reaction of RCOOR' with R"OH in acidic medium
- 10. Explain the reaction shown below. Include the following pieces in your explanation. a. Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile. b. Draw a curved arrow mechanism for this reaction. (Assume an acidic work-up). Explain the electron flow. Indicate any regiochemical or stereochemical preferences. C. d. LIAIH4 OH1. The carbon radical intermediate that formed from ibuprofen in this experiment is shown below. Draw all resonance structures of the radical intermediate (show electron-pushing arrows). for HO[Review Topics] [References] Draw structures for the carbonyl electrophile and enolate nucleophile that react to give the enone below. B You do not have to consider stereochemistry. B Draw the enolate ion in its carbanion form. B • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate multiple reactants using the + sign from the drop-down menu.
- 2. CI The intermediate in the following nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction has at least 5 resonance structures. For this question, complete the following tasks: a. Show the mechanistic arrow(s) for the first step. b. Draw TWO of the many resonance structures of the intermediate, drawing out the -NO₂ groups in each. c. Draw the neutral product. NO₂ NO₂ HO and others neutral productBelow is the free energy diagram for the substitution reaction of 2-chlorobutane with hydroxide ion: Reaction coardinate Draw the structures, which correspond to A and C in the free-energy diagram above for the reaction of 2-chlorobutane with hydroxide ion. a. b. Label the free energy of activation (AG#) and free energy change AG") on the diagram above. c. Is the reaction exergonic or endergonic (circle one)? page 4 of 17 Free energyMelphalan, a drug used in chemotherapy, reacts with itself in the body before binding with its target, as illustrated in the mechanism below. What is the first pattern of arrow pushing seen in this reaction? (Look at the first arrow coming from the Nitrogen with a lone pair). a. rearrangementc. nucleophilic attack
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