2. In glycolysis, the net production of ATP is in the electron transport chain it is during cellular respiration. A 2, 4, 16, 32 B. 4, 4, 30, 36 C. 2, 2, 32, 36 D 4, 2, 32, 38 E. 4, 8, 16, 32 ATP. In the Krebs cycle it is ATP and are produced ATP. Thus a total of

1. What stages of energy transformation occur after glycolysis in the presence of oxygen? Pyruvate oxidation and fermentation O Pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and fermentation Pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and electron transport/ATP synthesis All of the above 2. Which statement is most accurate? * Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon Carbon is more electronegative than oxygen Oxygen and carbon are equally electronegative All of the above 3. Reduction is the of electrons (or hydrogens, since they are so generous with their electrons). Oxidation is the ___________ of electrons (or hydrogens) gain; loss loss: gain gain; gain loss; loss

1. Overall, what do glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport do? (Know starting materials and products.) Explain very briefly how energy stored in glucose is converted into energy stored in ATP. Where are oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, water, and ATP involved, and how do they relate to each other? Where is the most number of ATP produced? 2. Account for the 6 Carbons in glucose. In other words where does the 6 carbons in glucose end up 3. When is fermentation used instead of cellular respiration? How does this apply to humans? Know the industrial uses of fermentation 4. What is ATP synthase do? Where is it located? 5. How are oxygen and carbon dioxide related to the function of the mitochondria? Why do we REALLY need to breathe? (Hint: where does CO2 come from? Where is O2 used?) 6. Know how cyanide stops cellular respiration

5. Place the steps of Cellular respiration in order. A. Activation of the ATP Synthase B. ATP is invested C. Glucose oxidation completed and its carbon atoms released in carbon dioxide D. Glucose is split E. Pyruvate oxidized into Acetyl CoA F. Reduction of oxygen into water A. DBECFA B. BDECFA C. ABCDEF D. CEFBAD E. BDFEAC

Cellular respiration releases the energy stored in the (Level 1) bonds in carbon dioxide molecules bonds in glucose molecules atoms of oxygen atoms of carbon 26,420 MacBook Air 80 888 DII F3 F4 FS F7 F8 F2 2# $ & 3 4 5 9. 7 8 W E T. Y 一 D F G H J K C V M nd B

NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). How might these pills benefit a CFS patient? They would decrease the rate of alcoholic fermentation. They would decrease the rate of glycolysis. They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain. They would increase energy by creating more FADH2.

2. Consider a hypothetical organism that produces 12 moles of NADH and 2 moles of FADH2 during the oxidation of glucose. If 4 of the 12 moles of NADH were synthesized during glycolysis, determine the expected ATP output from these coenzymes if the G-3-P shuttle system is used. 36 ATP 32 ATP 34 ATP 42 ATP

10. Using either the Oxidative Phosphorylation stage of cellular respiration or the Cytochrome complex of photosynthesis, DIAGRAM AND EXPLAIN how electron transport chains function and are used to generate ATP in plants and animals. Make sure to supply sufficient detail to clearly convey your understanding of the process/mechanism.

3. Products of the citric acid cycle А. B and BLM 4.2-2 is released as waste. move to the next stage of cellular respiration. A glucose molecule produces C. Energy is released in the form of molecules of molecule of because two molecules of are created from each Copyright 2012 by Nelson Education Ltd.

9. Identify the correct order of the four stages of cellular respiration A electron transport chain, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, transition reaction B. Krebs cycle, transition reaction, electron transport chain, glycolysis C. transition reaction, electron transport chain, glycolysis, Krebs cycle D Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain, transition reaction E. Glycolysis, transition reaction, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain