2. Give an example of a 2-player, zero-sum game with the following properties (by giving its payoff matrix from the perspective of the row player): • The row player has strategy set {1, 2} and the column player has strategy set {C1, C2} ⚫ The security levels of r₁, r2, C1, and c₂ are respectively -1, -2, 4, and 3.
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- Assume a Hawk -Dove game with the following payoff matrix, where the first entry is Animal A’s payoff, and the second entry is Animal B’s payoff: Animal A (rows)/Animal B (columns) Hawk Dove Hawk (-5,-5) (10,0) Dove (0,10) (4,4) An animal that plays Hawk will always fight until it wins or is badly hurt. An animal that plays Dove makes a bold display but retreats if his opponent starts to fight. If two Dove animals meet they share. Explain why there cannot be an equilibrium where all animals act as Doves. Explore whether there are any Nash equilibria in pure strategies and explain which these are and why. Derive a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE). What is the proportion of Hawks and Doves? If the proportion of Hawks in the population of animals is greater than the mixed strategy equilibrium proportion you calculated, which strategy does better, Hawks of Doves? Explain your answer. Draw the best response functions and show in the…Assume a Hawk -Dove game with the following payoff matrix, where the first entry is Animal A’s payoff, and the second entry is Animal B’s payoff: Animal A (rows)/Animal B (columns) Hawk Dove Hawk (-5,-5) (10,0) Dove (0,10) (4,4) An animal that plays Hawk will always fight until it wins or is badly hurt. An animal that plays Dove makes a bold display but retreats if his opponent starts to fight. If two Dove animals meet they share. Explain why there cannot be an equilibrium where all animals act as Doves. Explore whether there are any Nash equilibria in pure strategies and explain which these are and why. Derive a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE). What is the proportion of Hawks and Doves? If the proportion of Hawks in the population of animals is greater than the mixed strategy equilibrium proportion you calculated, which strategy does better, Hawks of Doves?Assume a Hawk-Dove game with the following payoff matrix, where the first entry is Animal A's payoff, and the second entry is Animal B's payoff: Hawk Dove Animal A (rows)/Animal B (columns) Hawk Dove (-5,-5) (0,10) (10,0) (4,4) An animal that plays Hawk will always fight until it wins or is badly hurt. An animal that plays Dove makes a bold display but retreats if his opponent starts to fight. If two Dove animals meet they share. Explain why there cannot be an equilibrium where all animals act as Doves. Explore whether there are any Nash equilibria in pure strategies and explain which these are and why. Derive a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE). What is the proportion of Hawks and Doves? If the proportion of Hawks in the population of anima's is greater than the mixed strategy equilibrium proportion you calculated, which strategy does better, Hawks of Doves? Explain your answer.
- Consider the three-player game shown. Player 1 selects a row, either a1, b1 or c1. Player 2 selects a column, either a2 or b2. Player 3 selects a matrix, either a3 or b3. The first number in a cell is player 1’s payoff, the second number is player 2’s payoff, and the last number is player 3’s payoff. Derive the strategies that survive the IDSDS.Consider a game in which there is $4 to be divided, and the first mover is only permitted to make one of three proposals: (a) $3 for the first mover and $1 for the second mover, (b) $2 for each, or (c) $1 for the first movier and $3 for the second mover. The second mover is shown the proposal and can either accept, in which case it is implemented, or reject and cause each to earn $0. Show this game in extensive (tree) form. Be sure to show the payoffs for each person, with the first mover listed on the left, for each of the six terminal nodes.Question 2: Consider two players, A and B, each of which can choose action X or Y. Their payoffs are represented in the following matrix, where K is a constant. Player A X Y X A: 15 B: 12 A: 20 B: 30 Player B Y A: 18 B: 24 A: 18 + K B: 22 Q2 a) First assume that K > 0. Does either player have a dominant strategy? If so, explain what it is and why. Q2 b) Again assuming that K > 0, explain with appropriate discussion what is the Nash equilibrium of this game. Q2 c) Now assume that K<0. Do players have dominant strategies and what is the Nash equilibrium in this case? Does your answer depend on the specific (negative) value of K? Explain the reason behind the differences between the results in point c) and those in points a) and b).
- a. b. Each firm has four alternative strategies, and a certain profit/payoff is associated with each strategy. The numbers in the payoff matrix denote firm A's profit (in thousands of dollars). The total amount of profit that can be earned by the two firms together is $20000. (This is called a "constant sum game.") Firm B's profit is therefore $20000 minus firm A's profit. What strategies will the two firms select? Is the game strictly determined? If so, how much does each firm gain? B's strategies A's strategies ↓ Increase Advertising Decrease Price Increase Price Alter Product Increase Advertising 0 11 8 11 Decrease Price 8 10 6 2 Increase Price 7 12 15 Alter Product 4 15 3 12 Suppose now that due to a change in consumer preferences, firm A's "Increase Price" strategy pays off better than before when firm B elects to "Decrease Price," that is, the payoff rises from 6 to 14. What strategies will the two firms now select? Is the game strictly determined? If so, how much does each firm…Suppose that there are only two firms in a market in which demand is given by p = 64 - Q, where Q is the total production of the two firms. Each firm can choose either a low level of output, qL = 15, or a high level of output, qH = 20. The unit cost of production for both firms is $4. Write down the normal-form representation of the game in which the strategic variable for each firm is the quantity of output and the firms make their choices simultaneously. Find the pure strategy Nash equilibrium of this game (quantities produced and market price).2. Assume a Hawk -Dove game with the following payoff matrix, where the first entry is Animal A's payoff, and the second entry is Animal B's payoff: Animal A Hawk Dove (rows)/Animal B (columns) (-5,-5) (0,10) (10,0) (4,4) Hawk Dove An animal that plays Hawk will always fight until it wins or is badly hurt. An animal that plays Dove makes a bold display but retreats if his opponent starts to fight. If two Dove animals meet they share. (a) Explain why there cannot be an equilibrium where all animals act as Doves. (b) Explore whether there are any Nash equilibria in pure strategies and explain which these are and why. (c) Derive a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE). What is the proportion of Hawks and Doves? If the proportion of Hawks in the population of animals is greater than the mixed strategy equilibrium proportion you calculated, which strategy does better, Hawks of Doves? Explain your answer. (d) Draw the best response functions and show in the diagram all pure and mixed…
- 2. Assume a Hawk -Dove game with the following payoff matrix, where the first entry is Animal A's payoff, and the second entry is Animal B's payoff: Animal A Hawk Dove (rows)/Animal B (columns) (-5,-5) (0,10) (10,0) (4,4) Hawk Dove An animal that plays Hawk will always fight until it wins or is badly hurt. An animal that plays Dove makes a bold display but retreats if his opponent starts to fight. If two Dove animals meet they share. (a) Explain why there cannot be an equilibrium where all animals act as Doves. (b) Explore whether there are any Nash equilibria in pure strategies and explain which these are and why. (c) Derive a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE). What is the proportion of Hawks and Doves? If the proportion of Hawks in the population of animals is greater than the mixed strategy equilibrium proportion you calculated, which strategy does better, Hawks of Doves? Explain your answer.a.) Suppose you manage a large company’s marketing department and are responsible for deciding whether or not to advertise in the Super Bowl. Your team of analysts estimate that for each advertisement, your firm would generate $6 million in additional revenue for the company. It cost $7 million to run a 30-second advertisement. Therefore, your company would expect to lose $1 million in profit for each advertisement. b.) Depict this situation with a game theory payoff matrix. Your company (A) and a major competitor (B) have two potential strategies: to advertise or to not advertise during the Super Bowl. The payoffs in each cell represent the change in firm profits from advertising. Create payoffs in each cell such that the Nash equilibrium is that both firms advertise despite having a higher profit if neither firm advertisedThree married couples in the state of Maryland—Bob and Carol, Ted and Alice, and Ross and Mike (remember, same-sex marriage is legal in the state of Maryland)—are thinking about renting a boat to go sailing on the Chesapeake Bay. The cost of a boat rental is $600. Each of the three couples puts some amount of money in an envelope. Thus, each player in this game is a couple. If the total amount collected is at least $600, then the boat is rented. If the amount collected is more than $600, then the money left over after renting the boat is spent on wine. If the total amount collected is less than $600, then they do not rent the boat, and the money is spent on a dinner. Assume the benefit to a couple from the boat trip is 400, the benefit from each dollar spent on wine is 50 cents, the benefit from each dollar spent on dinner is 40 cents, and the personal cost of the contribution to a couple equals the amount of contribution. For example, if the boat is rented, $50 of wine is purchased…