2. Do children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have smaller brains than children without this condition? This question was the topic of a research study described in the paper "Developmental Trajectories of Brain Volume Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder" (Journal of the American Medical Association [2002]: 1740–1747). Brain scans were completed for 152 children with ADHD and 139 children of similar age without ADHD. Summary values for total cerebral volume (in milliliters) are given in the following table: Children with ADHD 152 1059.4 117.5 Children without ADHD 139 1104.5 111.3 Do these data provide evidence that the mean brain volume of children with ADHD is smaller than the mean for children without ADHD? Let's test the relevant hypoth- eses using a .05 level of significance.

NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use   Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute.   Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…

You may need to use the appropriate appendix table or technology to answer this question. Approximately 50% of all caregivers of older adults are caring for someone with memory loss (due to is percentage of caregivers caring for older adults with memory loss. This year, in a random sample of 400 caregivers, 181 were caring for older adults with memory loss uch as Alaheimer's or dementia). It is beleved that there has been a reduction in the (a) State the null and the alternative hypotheses. (Enter t for as needed.) (b) At the 0.05 level using the critical value approach, determine if there has been a significant reduction in the proportion of caregivers caring for adults with memory loss Compute the test statistk. Determine the critical value(s) for this test. (Round your answerta) to two decimal places. If the test is one-taled, enter NONE for the unused tal.) test statisticS test statistic State your condusion. O Reject Ha There is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the…

Identifying individuals with a high risk of Alzheimer's disease usually involves a long series of cognitive tests. However, researchers have developed a 7-Minute Screen, which is a quick and easy way to accomplish the same goal. The question is whether the 7-Minute Screen is as effective as the complete series of tests. To address this question, Ijuin et al. (2008) administered both tests to a group of patients and compared the results. The following data represent results similar to those obtained in the study.    7-Minute Screen Cognitive Series 3 11 8 19 10 22 8 20 4 14 7 13 4 9 5 20 14 25 Which statistical test would you select: Answer    H0: Answer H1: Answer What is the coefficient that indicates the strength of the relationship? Answer =Answer What is the standard error? Answer What is the appropriate 95% CI?  [ Answer , Answer ] What is the d-effect size? Answer What is the t-observed? Answer What is the actual p-value? Answer THREE decimal places…

NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use   Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute.   Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…

It has been found that 25.1% of men (Group 1) 20 years and older suffer from hypertension (high blood pressure) and 33.9% of women (Group 2) are hypertensive. A random sample of 164 of each gender was selected from recent hospital records, and the following results were obtained. Can you conclude that a higher percentage of women have high blood pressure? Use =0.05. Men: 42 patients had high blood pressure Women: 52 patients had high blood pressure   Required: Test Value Only the final answer should be rounded-off to TWO decimal places.

Identifying individuals with a high risk of Alzheimer’s disease usually involves a long series of cognitive tests. However, researchers have developed a 7-Minute Screen, which is a quick and easy way to accomplish the same goal. The question is whether the 7-Minute Screen is as effective as the complete series of tests. To address this question, Ijuin et al. (2008) administered both tests to a group of patients and compared the results. The following data represent results similar to those obtained in the study. Patient 7-Minute Screen Cognitive Series A 3 7 B 7 15 C 4 14 D 5 13 E 7 9 F 5 15 G 11 25 The alternative hypothesis in words and null hypothesis in symbols for a two-tailed test is

Researchers studying the link between prenatal vitamin use and autism surveyed the mothers of a random sample of children aged 24 - 60 months with autism and surveyed another separate random sample for children with typical development. Table summarizing the number of mothers in each group who did and did not use prenatal vitamins during the three months before pregnancy (data from Schmidt, 2011) Autism Typical Development Total No vitamin 111 70 181 Vitamin 143 159 302 Total 254 229 483 Complete the hypothesis test for independence between the two variables, use of prenatal vitamins during the three months before pregnancy and autism in Rguroo. What is the value of the test statistic for this test? (Use the Large Sample Z method and please round to two decimal places)

NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use   Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute.   Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…

Based on these tables, would you accept or reject the hypothesis that individuals in bad neighborhoods commit more crime?