[2] TYPES OF STUDIES [Part 2]: Forty 60-65 year old males have agreed to participate in an eight-week study of the effectiveness of four weight/cardio training approaches on overall retention of muscle mass. At the start of the investigation the researcher calculates the muscle circumference in the upper thigh and the upper arm and calculates a body mass index (BMI) for each participant. Each participant is then randomly assigned to one of the four weight/cardio training approaches. The muscle circumference and BMI measurements are taken again at the end of the study. What is the objective variable for this study? (What are they investigating?) A. Body mass B. Weight/Cardio program C. Weight loss D. Muscle mass retention

This data set contains the achievement test (English as a Second Language) results and some background data collected during experimental trial of a new ESL program. The study was one year in duration. Students were allocated to the experimental ESL program class and a regular program control class on a random basis. Vocabulary and grammar tests were administered to the students in both groups at the beginning and the end of the school year. Variables The dataset includes 24 cases and 7 variables: Student ID Group (1 - experimental, 2 - control, 9 - missing) Gender (1 - male, 2 - female, 9 - missing) Pre-test vocabulary scores (scores range from 0 - 25, 99 - missing) Pre-test grammar scores (scores range from 0 - 25, 99 - missing) Post-test vocabulary scores (scores range from 0 - 25, 99 - missing) Post-test grammar scores (scores range from 0 - 25, 99 - missing) (a) develop a research question that can be addressed with independent-samples t test (b) state the null and alternative…

How would you find (a.) and (b.)?? As well as finding the test statistic and p-value?

In a population-based cohort study, an entire community was interviewed regarding smoking habits and then followed for one year. Upon ascertainment of all lung cancer deaths, the investigator obtained the following data:     Number of Individuals Lung Cancer Deaths Smokers 24,500 15 Nonsmokers 10,500 2   Calculate the risk difference per 100,000 per year. Round to the tenth decima

Textbook question for practise - A behavioural psychologist has developed a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) technique modified from classic systematic desensitization to reduce her patients’ phobia of spiders. She decides to test the effectiveness of her new therapy approach by selecting ten patients at random to undergo the treatment for 3 months. The patients were asked to rate how much fear they feel/experience when in the presence of a spider/spiders using a scale from 0 (no fear at all) to 100 (extreme panic and fear). They were tested before and after the therapy. The ratings for each patient are as follows:   For this question, be sure to do the following: ▪ State the statistical hypotheses (using the appropriate notation). ▪ Indicate whether the research hypothesis is non-directional or directional (and how you know). ▪ Set the decision rules, which will include: o State alpha - 0.05% o Compute the degrees of freedom o Providing the critical value for the test statistic…

Dataset: NES. Variables: spend8, nesw.) The NES dataset contains spend8, which records the number of government policy areas where respondents think spending should be increased. Scores range from 0 (the respondent does not want to increase spending on any of the policies) to 8 (the respondent wants to increase spending on all eight policies). The NES, of course, polls a random sample of U.S. adults. In this exercise you will analyze spend8 using the Analyze ▶ Compare Means ▶ One-Sample T Test procedure. You then will draw inferences about the population mean. Make sure you weight observations using the nesw variable so your results are nationally representative.   A. The spend8 variable has a sample mean of ______.

Compare and contrast (a.) single-sample t tests, (b.) paired sample t tests, and (c.) independent sample ttests in terms of participants recruited, data collected from each participant, and information we need toconduct the analysis.

Rock sole in the Bering Sea 1/2: "Recruitment," the addition of new members to a fish population, is an important measure of the health of ocean ecosystems. Here are data on the recruitment of rock sole in the Bering Sea from 1973 to 2000: Make a stemplot to display the distribution of yearly rock sole recruitment. Round to the nearest hundred (for example, 173 to 2 hundred, and 1702 to 17 hundred) and split the stems.

Can you please help with this problem.