2) The ionization energy of potassium is 4.34 eV; the electron affinity of iodine is 3.06 eV. At what separation distance will the KI molecule gain enough Coulomb energy to overcome the energy needed to form the K+ and I ions?
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- At large interatomic separations, an alkali halide moleculeMX has a lower energy as two neutral atoms, M + X; atshort separations, the ionic form (M+)(X-) has a lowerenergy. At a certain distance, Rc, the energies of the twoforms become equal, and it is near this distance that theelectron will jump from the metal to the halogen atom during a collision. Because the forces between neutral atomsare weak at large distances, a reasonably good approximation can be made by ignoring any variation in potentialV(R) for the neutral atoms between Rc and R - `. For theions in this distance range, V(R) is dominated by theirCoulomb attraction.(a) Express Rc for the first ionization energy of the metalM and the electron affinity of the halogen X.(b) Calculate Rc for LiF, KBr, and NaCl using data fromAppendix F.For two adjacent ions, the net potential energy is: А В + rn EN - - r where A, B and n are constants, r is in nm and E is in eV. (a) Find the expression for the bonding energy Eg in terms of A, B and n. (b) For two pairs of ions, with A = 1.436, B = 5.86 x 106 and n = 9, solve for ro and Eg.(c) The standard enthalpy of formation of O(g) is 249 kJ/mol. Calculate the wavelength (in nm) of the electromagnetic radiation with the minimum amount of energy required for dissociation of one molecule of oxygen gas.
- The experimentally determinded Bi-Cl bond distance in bismuth trichloride is 2.48Å . Given the tablulated value of 0.99Å for the atomic radius of Cl, predict the atomic radius of Bi?The ionization energy of lithium is 520.2 kJ/mole, and the electron affinity of hydrogen is 72.8 kJ/mole.(a) Find the separation distance in LiH at which the Coulomb potential energy equals the energy cost of removing an electron from Li and adding it to H.(b) The measured electric dipole moment of the molecule LiH is 2.00 × 10^−29 C · m. What is the fractional ionic character of LiH?(c) Instead of removing an electron from Li and attaching it to H, we could regard the formation of LiH as occurring by removing an electron from H and attaching it to Li (electron affinity = 59.6 kJ/mole). Why don’t we consider this as the formation process?Page 13. Explain the difference between Electron Affinity and lonization Energy.
- By using photons of specific wavelengths, chemists can dissociate gaseous HI to produce H atoms with certain speeds. When HI dissociates, the H atoms move away rapidly, whereas the heavier I atoms move more slowly. (a) What is the longest wavelength (in nm) that can dissociate a molecule of HI? (b) If a photon of 254 nm is used, what is the excess energy (in J) over that neededfor dissociation? (c) If this excess energy is carried away by the H atom as kinetic energy, what is its speed (in m/s)?(a) Imagine that a Born-Haber cycle is being constructed by a colleague, to determine the lattice energy of a hypothetical magnesium halide salt, where X is the halide ion. The colleague makes the following list: First and second ionisations of Mg; 737 and 1451 Sublimation energy of Mg; 147 Electron affinity of X; 200 Atomisation enthalpy of X₂; 400 Enthalpy of formation of MgX₂; -450 2+ 2e+ Mg(+2X (8) b 2+ 2e + Mg( + X2 (8) a + Mg(g) + X₂ (8) 1451 Mg(g) + X₂ (8) Mg(s) + X2 (8) f 147 2+ Mg(g) +2X(g) MgX2 (s) d Sadly the colleague becomes discouraged and leaves the document incomplete, simply drawing boxes around unknown quantities. Complete the calculation by writing down the boxed quantities a-f on your answer paper. You may assume that the units are kJ mol-¹.The ionisation energy of potassium is 4.34 eV and the electron affinity of chlorine is 3.61 eV. The Madelung constant for the KCl structure is 1.748 and the closest distance between ions of opposite sign is 0.314 nm. On the basis of these data, calculate the cohesive energy of KCl. Compare this with the observed cohesive energy of 6.42 eV for the ion pair and comment on the reasons for any discrepancy
- What is the zeff, atomic radius, and ionization energy of Arsenic?( ME 213: Properties of Material) Calculate the force of attraction between a K+ and an O2- ion the centers of whichare separated by a distance of 1.5 nm. My understanding is that in ionic bonds all atoms acquire stable configuration. Here potassium gives oxygen one electron. But oxygen needs two electrons to be stable. Hence it will not be stable.(a) Draw the Lewis structure for hydrogen peroxide, H2O2.(b) What is the weakest bond in hydrogen peroxide? (c) Hydrogenperoxide is sold commercially as an aqueous solution inbrown bottles to protect it from light. Calculate the longestwavelength of light that has sufficient energy to break theweakest bond in hydrogen peroxide.
