2 Li(s) + Ag:Croa(s)→ Li:Croa(s) + 2 Ag(s) (a) Lithium metal is the reactant at one of the electrodes of the battery. Is it the anode or the cathode? (b) Choose the two half-reactions from a table of standard reduction potentials that most closely approximate the reaction that occur within the battery. What is the standard voltage generated by a cell operating with these half-reactions? (c) The actual value is about +3.5 V for this pacemaker cell. How does that compare to what you've shown me in (b)? (d) Calculate the voltage at body temperature. Standard reduction potentials are as below: AgCl(s) + Ag(s) + C (ay) Ag(CN)₂(aq) + — Ag(s) + 2CN (ap) Ag-Cros)+22 Ag(s) + CO2(a) Agl(s) + Ag(s) + 1(a) Ag(S₂0₂):¹(aq) + Ag(s) +25,0} (ay) Al³+ (aq) + 3e Al(s) -1.66 210,(a) + 12 11(a) + 10 (1) + 6H₂O(1) H₂AsO(a) + 2H(aq) + 2H₂AsO(a) + H₂O(1) +0.56 K"(aq) +eK() Ba(ay)+26" Ba(1) -2.90 (a)+L() +0.85 +0.54 +1.20 -2.92 +0.32 Mg(a)+2e-Mg(s) BO(a) + 2H(aq) + 3e Bi(s) + H₂O(1) Be()+22(a) -3.05 -2.37 -1.18 +1.07 Mn(a)+2e-Mn(s) 2BrO, (a) + 12H(aq) + 10e" Bey(1) + 6H₂O(1) 200) +211(a) + 2€°— H₂C₂O₂(a) C₂²" (ay)+26-C(1) +1.23 +1.51 +1.52 MnO()+41(a)+2M² (aq) + 211₂0(1 -0.49 Mn0, "(a) +SH(a) + SeMn(a) + 4H₂O(7) -2.87 Mn0, (a) + 2H₂O(1) + 3eMnO(s) + 4OH(aq) +0.59 -0.40 HNO(a)+ H(a)+eNO) + H₂O() +1.61 N)+ 4H₂O()+440H(a) + N₂) +1.36 N)+SH(aq) + 4e²N₂l₂" (a) Ca (ay)+26-24(1) Ce (ap) + Cet" (ap) C6)+26²—2C (af) +1.63 NO₂ (aq) + 411²(aq) + 3€ NO) + 2H₂O(1) +0.89 Na(a)Na(s) 2HC10(aq) + 2H(aq) + 2) + 2H,O(1) C30" (aq) + H₂O(1)+2e-Cr(a) + 2011 (ay) 2010, (a)+12H(aq) + 10e-C₂) + 6H₂O(1) Co² (a) + 2 Co(s) +1.47 Ni(a)+2²(¹) Co² (a) Co² (ap) + C¹(a)+3ea() C¹ (ay)+Cr³(aq) -0.28 0)+41(a)+421,0(1) +1.84 0)+211₂0()+440H(aq) -0.74 0+21(a) + 2H₂O₂(a) -0.41 0)+21(a)+260/61) + 11₂0(1) +1.33 16² (a)+2²(1) -0.13 Po(s) + HSO(a) + 3H(aq) + 2² Co(a)+1411(a)+6e"-20"(a)+71₂0(1) Co(a) + 4H₂O(1) + 3²²— Cu(s) Cu(a) Ca(OH),(s) + SOH(ay) Cu(a) +2e Cu²" (aq) + Cu(1) Cu (aq) + Cul(s) + Cu(s) + (a) Ft) + 2e-21(a) Fe²(a)+2e-Fe(s) Fe²(a) + Fe²(a) Fe(CN)(a) + Fe(CN) (4) 2H(aq) + 2 H₂() +0.22 H₂O(g) + 2H²(aq) + 2e² — 211,0(1) -0.31 Hg() +2²-2Hg(1) +0.45 211g (a)+2²"-₂²" (a) -0.15 g (a)+2²"Hg(¹7) +0.01)+2e-21(a) Pt50)+2H0(1) +1.78 +0.79 +0.92 +0.34 950 (1) + H²(aq) + 2€²— Pb(s) + 150, (a) +0.15 PIC12(aq) + 2e-P(s) + 4CP (ay) +0.52 S(s) + 2H(aq) + 2H₂S() -0.19 1,50(a) + 4 11²(aq) + 4e²S(s) + 3H₂O(1) +2.87 HSO,(aq) + 3H²(aq) + 2 H₂SO₂(aq) + H₂O(1) -0.44 Se(a)+2e-Sn(1) +0.77 Sn(a)+2²³ (4) +0.36 Vo(a) + 2H(a)+VO³(aq) + H₂O(1) 0.00 Zn(a)+2²" Zn(s) -1.16 -0.23 +0.96 -2.71 +1.23 +0.40 +0.68 +2.07 -0.13 +1.69 -0.36 +0.73 +0.14 +0.45 +0.17 -0.14 +0.15 +1.00 -0.76
2 Li(s) + Ag:Croa(s)→ Li:Croa(s) + 2 Ag(s) (a) Lithium metal is the reactant at one of the electrodes of the battery. Is it the anode or the cathode? (b) Choose the two half-reactions from a table of standard reduction potentials that most closely approximate the reaction that occur within the battery. What is the standard voltage generated by a cell operating with these half-reactions? (c) The actual value is about +3.5 V for this pacemaker cell. How does that compare to what you've shown me in (b)? (d) Calculate the voltage at body temperature. Standard reduction potentials are as below: AgCl(s) + Ag(s) + C (ay) Ag(CN)₂(aq) + — Ag(s) + 2CN (ap) Ag-Cros)+22 Ag(s) + CO2(a) Agl(s) + Ag(s) + 1(a) Ag(S₂0₂):¹(aq) + Ag(s) +25,0} (ay) Al³+ (aq) + 3e Al(s) -1.66 210,(a) + 12 11(a) + 10 (1) + 6H₂O(1) H₂AsO(a) + 2H(aq) + 2H₂AsO(a) + H₂O(1) +0.56 K"(aq) +eK() Ba(ay)+26" Ba(1) -2.90 (a)+L() +0.85 +0.54 +1.20 -2.92 +0.32 Mg(a)+2e-Mg(s) BO(a) + 2H(aq) + 3e Bi(s) + H₂O(1) Be()+22(a) -3.05 -2.37 -1.18 +1.07 Mn(a)+2e-Mn(s) 2BrO, (a) + 12H(aq) + 10e" Bey(1) + 6H₂O(1) 200) +211(a) + 2€°— H₂C₂O₂(a) C₂²" (ay)+26-C(1) +1.23 +1.51 +1.52 MnO()+41(a)+2M² (aq) + 211₂0(1 -0.49 Mn0, "(a) +SH(a) + SeMn(a) + 4H₂O(7) -2.87 Mn0, (a) + 2H₂O(1) + 3eMnO(s) + 4OH(aq) +0.59 -0.40 HNO(a)+ H(a)+eNO) + H₂O() +1.61 N)+ 4H₂O()+440H(a) + N₂) +1.36 N)+SH(aq) + 4e²N₂l₂" (a) Ca (ay)+26-24(1) Ce (ap) + Cet" (ap) C6)+26²—2C (af) +1.63 NO₂ (aq) + 411²(aq) + 3€ NO) + 2H₂O(1) +0.89 Na(a)Na(s) 2HC10(aq) + 2H(aq) + 2) + 2H,O(1) C30" (aq) + H₂O(1)+2e-Cr(a) + 2011 (ay) 2010, (a)+12H(aq) + 10e-C₂) + 6H₂O(1) Co² (a) + 2 Co(s) +1.47 Ni(a)+2²(¹) Co² (a) Co² (ap) + C¹(a)+3ea() C¹ (ay)+Cr³(aq) -0.28 0)+41(a)+421,0(1) +1.84 0)+211₂0()+440H(aq) -0.74 0+21(a) + 2H₂O₂(a) -0.41 0)+21(a)+260/61) + 11₂0(1) +1.33 16² (a)+2²(1) -0.13 Po(s) + HSO(a) + 3H(aq) + 2² Co(a)+1411(a)+6e"-20"(a)+71₂0(1) Co(a) + 4H₂O(1) + 3²²— Cu(s) Cu(a) Ca(OH),(s) + SOH(ay) Cu(a) +2e Cu²" (aq) + Cu(1) Cu (aq) + Cul(s) + Cu(s) + (a) Ft) + 2e-21(a) Fe²(a)+2e-Fe(s) Fe²(a) + Fe²(a) Fe(CN)(a) + Fe(CN) (4) 2H(aq) + 2 H₂() +0.22 H₂O(g) + 2H²(aq) + 2e² — 211,0(1) -0.31 Hg() +2²-2Hg(1) +0.45 211g (a)+2²"-₂²" (a) -0.15 g (a)+2²"Hg(¹7) +0.01)+2e-21(a) Pt50)+2H0(1) +1.78 +0.79 +0.92 +0.34 950 (1) + H²(aq) + 2€²— Pb(s) + 150, (a) +0.15 PIC12(aq) + 2e-P(s) + 4CP (ay) +0.52 S(s) + 2H(aq) + 2H₂S() -0.19 1,50(a) + 4 11²(aq) + 4e²S(s) + 3H₂O(1) +2.87 HSO,(aq) + 3H²(aq) + 2 H₂SO₂(aq) + H₂O(1) -0.44 Se(a)+2e-Sn(1) +0.77 Sn(a)+2²³ (4) +0.36 Vo(a) + 2H(a)+VO³(aq) + H₂O(1) 0.00 Zn(a)+2²" Zn(s) -1.16 -0.23 +0.96 -2.71 +1.23 +0.40 +0.68 +2.07 -0.13 +1.69 -0.36 +0.73 +0.14 +0.45 +0.17 -0.14 +0.15 +1.00 -0.76
Principles of Modern Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Chapter17: Electrochemistry
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 76AP
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