Chemistry: Matter and Change
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780078746376
Author: Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
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- Motor mass: Erythritol is a compound that occurs naturally in algae and fungi. It is about twice as sweet as sucrose. A solution of 2.50 g of erythritol in 50.0 g of water freezes at 0.762C. What is the molar mass of the compound? (a) 26.9 g/mol (b) 35.5 g/mol (c) 122 g/mol (d)224 g/molarrow_forwardTable sugar (C12H22O11) or urea [(NH2)2CO] can be used by road crews to melt ice on roads, but solutions of CaCl2 are generally used instead. Assuming equal costs per pound of substance, why is CaCl2 used instead of table sugar or urea?arrow_forwardSpecifications for lactated Ringers solution, which is used for intravenous (IV) injections, are as follows to reach 100. mL of solution: 285315 mg Na+ 14.117.3 mg K+ 4.9Q.O mg Ca2+ 368408 mg Cl 231261 mg lactate, C3H5O3 a. Specify the amount of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 2H2O, and NaC3H5O3 needed to prepare 100. mL lactated Ringers solution. b. What is the range of the osmotic pressure of the solution at 37C, given the preceding specifications?arrow_forward
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used as an antioxidant in processed foods. (It prevents fats and oils from becoming rancid.) A solution of 2.500 g of BHT in 100.0 g of benzene had a freezing point of 4.880C. What is the molecular weight of BHT?arrow_forwardWhen 79.3 g of a particular compound is dissolved in 0.878 kg of water at 1 atm pressure, the solution freezes at 1.34C. If the compound docs not undergo ionization in solution and is nonvolatile, determine the molecular weight of the compound.arrow_forwardSodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is sometimes used for this purpose too. Let us compare the effectiveness of equal masses of these two compounds in lowering the freezing point of water, by calculating the freezing point depression of solutions containing 200. g of each salt in 1.00 kg of water. (An advantage of CaCl2 is that it acts more quickly because it is hygroscopic, that is. it absorbs moisture from the air to give a solution and begin the process. A disadvantage is that this compound is more costly.)arrow_forward
- The Henry's law constant for the solubility of argon gas in water is 1.0103M/atm at 30C. (a) Express the constant in M/mm Hg. (b) If the partial pressure of argon gas at 30C is 693 mm Hg, what is the concentration (in M) of the dissolved argon gas at 30C? (c) How many grams of argon gas can be dissolved in 29 L of water at 693 mm Hg and 30C? (Ignore the partial pressure of water.)arrow_forwardCalculate the percent by mass of solute in each of the following solutions. 5.00 g of calcium chloride dissolved in 95.0 g of water 1.00 g of calcium chloride dissolved in 19.0 g of water 15.0 g of calcium chloride dissolved in 285 g of water 2.00 mg of calcium chloride dissolved in 0.0380 g of waterarrow_forwardConsider three test tubes. Tube A has pure water. Tube B has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of ethanol, C2H5OH. Tube C has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of NaCl. Which of the following statements are true? (Assume that for these solutions 1.0m=1.0M.) (a) The vapor pressure of the solvent over tube A is greater than the solvent pressure over tube B. (b) The freezing point of the solution in tube B is higher than the freezing point of the solution in tube A. (c) The freezing point of the solution in tube B is higher than the freezing point of the solution in tube C. (d) The boiling point of the solution in tube B is higher than the boiling point of the solution in tube C. (e) The osmotic pressure of the solution in tube B is greater than the osmotic pressure of the solution in tube C.arrow_forward
- 6-22 Answer true or false. (a) Water is a good solvent for ionic compounds because water is a polar liquid. (b) Small covalent compounds dissolve in water if they can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. (c) The solubility of ionic compounds in water generally increases as temperature increases. (d) The solubility of gases in liquids generally increases as temperature increases. (e) Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids in liquids. (f) Pressure has a major effect on the solubility of gases in liquids. (g) In general, the greater the pressure of a gas over water, the greater the solubility of the gas in water. (h) Oxygen, O2, is insoluble in water.arrow_forwardA compound of manganese, carbon, and oxygen contains 28.17% Mn and 30.80% C. When 0.125 g of this compound is dissolved in 5.38 g of cyclohexane, the solution freezes at 5.28C. What is the molecular formula of this compound?arrow_forwardIn your own words, explain why (a) seawater has a lower freezing point than fresh water. (b) salt is added to the ice in an ice cream maker to freeze the ice cream faster.arrow_forward
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