13B.1(a) The line marked A in Fig. 13.3 is the fluorescence spectr benzophenone in solid solution in ethanol at low temperatures observed when the sample is illuminated with 360 nm ultraviolet radiation. What can be said about the vibrational energy levels of the carbonyl group in (i) its ground electronic state and (ii) its excited electronic state? 13B.1(b) When naphthalene is illuminated with 360 nm ultraviolet radiation it does not absorb, but the line marked B in Fig. 13.3 is the phosphorescence spectrum of a solid solution of a mixture of naphthalene and benzophenone in ethanol. Now a component of fluorescence from naphthalene can be detected. Account for this observation. inw B/ s leltnsto nien d d vd Dw gnienisho Adodt ni noV t 15 20 25 Emission intensity

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Electronic Transitions and Spectroscopy

The term “electronic” connotes electron, and the term “transition” implies transformation. In a molecule, the electrons move from a lower to a higher energy state due to excitation. The two energy states, the ground state and the excited state are the lowest and the highest energy states, respectively. An energy change is observed with this transition, which depicts the various data related to the molecule.

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a part of experimental chemistry. It is a technique used in laboratories that involves projecting intense beams of radiation on a sample element. In response, the element ejects electrons for which the relative energies are measured.