13. The structures of sphingosine and choline are given below. Draw the condensed structure and block diagram of the sphingolipid formed from these molecules and a molecule of myristic acid. CH3-(CH2)12-CH=CH-CH-OH CH3 CH3-N-CH2-CH2-OH CH-NH2 sphingosine CH₂-OH CH3 choline BLOCK DIAGRAM (draw below) CONDENSED STRUCTURE 14. Which fatty acid below should have the highest melting point? Why? Explain your answer based on structure and forces of attraction. OH OH OH

Draw the condensed structural formula of a gycerophospholipid trat contains two stearic acids and a phosphate banded to ethanolumine.

The structure of a vitamin is shown below. H HH H. нн C C-H H H но нн H Identify two potentially nucleophilic atoms and two potentially electrophilic atoms in your structure, giving a very brief explanation in each case. 2.

30. The shown structure is a cyclic D-monosaccharide. Which of the following statements is true? HOCH₂ H OH H OH OH CH₂OH A. The chemical can react with methanol to form a hemiacetal in solution without forming an open chain structure B. The chemical needs to form an open chain structure to be able to react with methanol to produce a glycosidic linkage in solution C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

6. b. Draw a box around the disulfide bridge in oxytocin, if present, or write "none". 7. Mark each peptide bond in oxytocin by making the corresponding line in the structure thicker or marking it with a different color. The first one is shown for you as an example (in dark orange). 8. Number the central carbon of each amino acid in oxytocin by pointing a small arrow to it or by circling the corresponding vertex in the image. Numbers 1 and 2 indicate the central carbons of the first and second amino acids of oxytocin, and are shown for you as an example. 9. Fill out the following table, listing amino acids that make up oxytocin in order, from the N terminus to the C terminus, characterizing each amino acid by the properties of its R group (side chains), and briefly indicating the reasoning for the characterization. You may consult amino acid groupings by category in the slides (or the textbook, p.49), but you must explain the reasoning for each in your own words. CO 1 AA# Abbre- Full…

12 A Aa v AaBbCcDc AaBbCcDdEe AaBbCcDdE AaBbCcDdE Uv ab x, x A A v 三三三=|這、| 4、 Caption Emphasis Heading 1 Heading 3 Q2. Complete the table below with a tick to show which of the following statements describe the molecules. Statement Alpha glucose Fatty acid Amino Nucleotide acid A hexose sugar Insoluble in water Formed by condensation reactions Contain the elements, C, H and Contains the element, N Has a carboxyl group, -COOH Forms polypeptides >

Penicillin G is a natural antibiotic that is useful for treating infections caused by Gram positive bacteria. What is the functional benefit of the semi-synthetic antimicrobials carbenicillin and ampicillin, generated by chemical modification of the R group so their R groups each are a bit different than the R group seen with penicillin G?

a. what general category would you place this molecule in of the four categories of biomolecules? b. List 5 functional groups you see in this molecule?

Explain these diagrams

1. Examine the synthetic glycoprotein, Molecule A, shown below: Protein- OH OH OH OH OH ÓH OH Molecule A OH Draw the structures of the products obtained when Molecule A reacts under the following conditions. Justify your answer. If no reaction occurs, explain why. The monosaccharide rings that have not reacted may be represented by an “R" group. Mechanisms are not required. (а) Ammonium Carbonate, 5 days. (b) Excess Sodium Periodate. (c) 2,3-dinitrophenyl hydrazine under reductive amination conditions. NO2 O2N. „NHNH2 2,3-dinitrophenyl hydrazine