11.0- • 1978 • 1976 10.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 Midparent beak depth (mm) The above graph illustrates that: a. Individuals of finches display the same beak depth b. Some individuals are more successful at survival and reproduction than others c. Some individuals have higher fitness levels than other d. Beak depth is heritable e. Beak depth decreases over time Offspring beak depth (mm)

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Ecological Interactions

The study of the ecological interactions between living beings and their physical environment, including humans, is ecology. It aims to understand the crucial links between plants and animals and the world around them. Ecology also gives knowledge on the advantages of ecosystems and how we may use Earth resources to ensure that future generations have a healthy environment.