11. State the effect of the following conditions to the yield of extracted glycogen (increase, decrease or no effect). Provide a brief explanation for each Condition Effect Explanation 10%HCI was used instead of 10%HOAc Chicken meat was used instead of chicken liver
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- 11. The most highly sensitive test in viral hepatitis is y-Glutamyl transpeptidase (Y-GT) increased activity in blood, which level riscs 10-15 times more than the norm (30-50 ME/L). What is the diagnostic value of this enzyme? For the answer: a) present the main properties of enzymes which activity determination in patient blood are widely uscd in enzyme diagnostics; b) explain the y-Glutamyl transpeptidase (y-GT) system and present an appropriate scheme; c) give examples of other enzymes which activity is determined in the liver disorders.2. Match the figure and the letter. The diagram of glycogen degradation: Metabolite: A. Glucose. В. АТР. С. Н. РО, D. ADP." E. Glucose 1-phospha медицинс ийунивер wM. Cevenoe М. Сеченов Московскй госудй 2 3 Glucose-6-phosphateDiscuss briefly the principle involved in the estimation of blood glucose by the glucose oxidase method.
- 1. a) Calculate the approximate net yield of ATP during the aerobic conversion of 2 glycerol to 1 glucose. Show work1. State if true or false a. Microbial enzymes can digest carbohydrates containing β–1,4 bonds b.Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, which is active in skeletal muscles and in the brain, bypasses Complex I and II of ETC resulting to less energy produced compared to malate-aspartate shuttle. c.Insoluble NSP has high water holding capacity and will increase the intestinal transit time of digesta.6. If inhibitor X changes lactase activity to a Vo of 0.333333333333 mM per minute when [S] = 2.0 mM, and a Vo of 0.50 mM per minute when [S] = 3.33333333333 mM, calculate the new Vmax. 1.0 mM per minute 2.0 mM per minute 2.5 mM per minute 5.0 mM per minute 10.0 mM per minute 7. Calculate the new Km of the lactase reaction with inhibitor X. 1.0 mM 2.0 mM 2.5 mM 5.0 mM 10.0 mM 8. Calculate the slope on a Lineweaver-Burk plot (Km / Vmax) for the lactase reaction with inhibitor X. 1.0 per minute 2.0 per minute 2.5 per minute 5.0 per minute 10.0 per minute Inhibitor X exerts which of the following effects on the above enzyme (lactase)? uncompetitive inhibition mixed noncompetitive inhibition competitive inhibition pure noncompetitive inhibition all of the above
- Greg Tobin mixes together three types of vitamintablets. Each Super Vim tablet contains, among other things,15 mg of niacin and 12 I.U. of vitamin E. The figures for aMultitab tablet are 20 mg and 15 I.U., and for a Mighty Mix are25 mg and 35 I.U. How many of each tablet are there if the totalnumber of tablets, total amount of niacin, and total amount ofvitamin E are as follows?a. 225 tablets, 4750 mg of niacin, and 5225 I.U. of vitamin Eb. 185 tablets, 3625 mg of niacin, and 3750 I.U. of vitamin Ec. 230 tablets, 4450 mg of niacin, and 4210 I.U. of vitamin E1. Calculate a creatinine clearance and its reference range. 2. Explain the biochemical formation of creatinine, urea, and uric acid. 3. State the principle of the Jaffe (end-point, and kinetic) and the enzymatic methods for measuring creatine.National Board of Medical Examiners Biochemistry Mark 36. In the presence of a metabolite (X), 6-phosphofructokinase is assayed at a fixed concentration of ATP and varying concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate. The resulting data are shown in the table. Fructose 6-phosphate (pM) 5 10 20 40 75 100 200 Velocity umoles/min 0.05 0.15 0.25 0.70 1.7 2.2 3.1 3.1 Velocity (+X) umoles/min 0.006 0.025 0. 10 0.35 1.03 16 2.9 3.1 400 Metabolite (X) is most likely which of the following substances? O A) ADP O B) AMP OC) CAMP D) Citric acid O E) Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
- 26. Which of the following statements is correct? A. Insulin can activate pyruvate carboxylase B. More energy in the form of ATP is required to synthesize glucose from pyruvate than can be obtained from glucose by glycolysis alone C. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a modulator that can stimulate either glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, depending on cellular glucose concentration D. All of the above3. A patient has got excess carbohydrate meal for the years and gain the weight. To explain this: a) draw the schemes of TAG synthesis in the liver; b) describe the transport of TAG from the liver to adipose tissue; c) describe the functions of insulin in the conversion of glucose to TAG in the liver and adipose tissue. Glucose containing Catoms was added to isolated hepatocytes inanexperiment. Ifthe glucose was added in excess, the rate of triacylglyccrol synthesis increased.17. Accumulation of high levels of chloramphenicol in newbom that leads to a gray baby syndrome is due to он H .CHCI2 O,N- но chloramphenicol A. Lack of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase B. Renal uptake of metabolized product C. High lipophilicity of chloramphenicol D. Poor absorption of chloramphenicol 16
