Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Mitochondrial Mutations
A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.
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### Cell Structure Diagram This image illustrates the various organelles within a eukaryotic cell. Each structure is labeled with a number for easy identification and explanation. Here is a detailed description of each labeled structure: 1. **Nucleus**: Contains the cell's genetic material and coordinates activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. 2. **Nuclear Envelope**: The double membrane that encloses the nucleus, protecting the genetic material. 3. **Centrosome**: Helps in organizing microtubules and is important during cell division. 4. **Vesicle**: Small, membrane-bound sacs that transport and store substances within a cell. 5. **Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)**: Studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis and quality control. 6. **Golgi Apparatus** (Golgi body): Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. 7. **Cell Membrane**: Semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell, regulating the transport of substances in and out of the cell. 8. **Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)**: Involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium ion storage. 9. **Mitochondrion**: The powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration. 10. **Cytoplasm**: Jelly-like substance filling the cell, where organelles are suspended, and various cellular processes occur. 11. **Lysosome**: Contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris. 12. **Nucleolus**: Located within the nucleus, responsible for producing ribosomes. 13. **Peroxisome**: Contains enzymes that detoxify harmful substances and break down fatty acids. 14. **Cytoskeleton**: Network of filaments and tubules that provides structure, shape, and movement to the cell. This diagram helps in understanding the complex organization and functionality of a typical eukaryotic cell. Each organelle plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting various cellular activities.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Cell Structure Diagram This image illustrates the various organelles within a eukaryotic cell. Each structure is labeled with a number for easy identification and explanation. Here is a detailed description of each labeled structure: 1. **Nucleus**: Contains the cell's genetic material and coordinates activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. 2. **Nuclear Envelope**: The double membrane that encloses the nucleus, protecting the genetic material. 3. **Centrosome**: Helps in organizing microtubules and is important during cell division. 4. **Vesicle**: Small, membrane-bound sacs that transport and store substances within a cell. 5. **Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)**: Studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis and quality control. 6. **Golgi Apparatus** (Golgi body): Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. 7. **Cell Membrane**: Semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell, regulating the transport of substances in and out of the cell. 8. **Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)**: Involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium ion storage. 9. **Mitochondrion**: The powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration. 10. **Cytoplasm**: Jelly-like substance filling the cell, where organelles are suspended, and various cellular processes occur. 11. **Lysosome**: Contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris. 12. **Nucleolus**: Located within the nucleus, responsible for producing ribosomes. 13. **Peroxisome**: Contains enzymes that detoxify harmful substances and break down fatty acids. 14. **Cytoskeleton**: Network of filaments and tubules that provides structure, shape, and movement to the cell. This diagram helps in understanding the complex organization and functionality of a typical eukaryotic cell. Each organelle plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting various cellular activities.
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