Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- Suppose an ideal (Carnot) heat pump could be constructed for use as an air conditioner. (a) Obtain an expression for the coefficient of performance (COP) for such an air conditioner in terms of Tb and Tc. (b) Would such an air conditioner operate on a smaller energy input if the difference in the operating temperatures were greater or smaller? (c) Compute the COP for such an air conditioner if the indoor temperature is 20.0C and the outdoor temperature is 40.0C.arrow_forward(a) How much heat transfer occurs from 20.0 kg of 90.0C water placed in contact with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water, producing a final temperature of 50.0C ? (b) How much work could a Carnot engine do with this heat transfer, assuming it operates between two reservoirs at constant temperatures of 90.0C and 10.0C ? (c) What increase in entropy is produced by mixing 20.0 kg of 90.0C water with 20.0 kg of 10.0C water? (d) Calculate the amount of work made unavailable by this mixing using a low temperature of 10.0C, and compare it with the work done by the Garnet engine. Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Entropy. (e) Discuss how everyday processes make increasingly more energy unavailable to do work, as implied by this problem.arrow_forwardYou are working on a summer job at a company that designs non-traditional energy systems. The company is working on a proposed electric power plant that would make use of the temperature gradient in the ocean. The system includes a heat engine that would operate between 20.0C (surface-water temperature) and 5.00C (water temperature at a depth of about 1 km). (a) Your supervisor asks you to determine the maximum efficiency of such a system. (b) In addition, if the electric power output of the plant is 75.0 MW and it operates at the maximum theoretically possible efficiency, you must determine the rate at which energy is taken in from the warm reservoir. (c) From this information, if an electric bill for a typical home shows a use of 950 kWh per month, your supervisor wants to know how many homes can be provided with power from this energy system operating at its maximum efficiency. (d) As energy is drawn from the warm surface water to operate the engine, it is replaced by energy absorbed from sunlight on the surface. If the average intensity absorbed from sunlight is 650 W/m2 for 12 daylight hours on a clear day, you need to find the area of the ocean surface that is necessary for sunlight to replace the energy absorbed into the engine. (e) From this information, you need to determine if there is enough ocean surface on the Earth to use such engines to supply the electrical needs for all the homes associated with the Earths population. Assume the energy use for a home in part (c) is an average over the entire planet. (f) In view of your results in this problem, your supervisor has asked for your conclusion as to whether such a system is worthwhile to pursue. Note that the fuel (sunlight) is free.arrow_forward
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- A coalfired electrical power station has an efficiency of 38%. The temperature of the steam leaving the boiler is 550°C. What percentage of the maximum efficiency does this station obtain? (Assume the temperature of the environment is 20C .)arrow_forward(a) On a winter day, a certain house loses 5.00108J of heat to the outside (about 500,000 Btu). What is the total change in entropy due to this heat transfer alone, assuming an average indoor temperature of 21.0C and an average outdoor temperature of 5.00C ? (b) This large change in entropy implies a large amount of energy has become unavailable to do work. Where do we find more energy when such energy is lost to us?arrow_forward(a) What is the eficiency of a cyclical heat engine in which 75.0 kJ of heat transfer occurs to the environment for every 95.0 kJ of heat transfer into the engine? (b) How much work does it produce for 100 kJ of heat transfer into the engine?arrow_forward
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