1. How do vaccines help your body resist viruses? What are four steps you can take to reduce your overall chances of infection? 2. What are three common routes of transmission for HIV? 3. Describe symptoms and treatment of candidiasis and trichomoniasis.

Q: 3. Discuss the importance of adherence to hiv treatment.

A: HIV treatment, or antiretroviral therapy (ART), refers to the use of medications to manage infection…

Q: What are the difference between HIV and AIDS? 2. How can you protect yourself from Human…

A: AIDS and HIV both are related to deficient immune system. Immune system protect us from the diseases…

Q: Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure is greater in the afferent end than in the efferent end of the…

A: Blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP) is due to colloidal nature of blood. The blood is a mixture…

Q: How does HBV virus differ from other hepatitis B viruses? 2. What are other HBV antigens? 3. What is…

A: In this question asked about hepatitis B virus and different other hepatitis viruses.  Mainly 5…

Q: 5. Describe the structure of the HIV virion. Explain the replicative cycle and epidemiology of HIV.

A: The infectious component of the HIV virus, also known as the human immunodeficiency virus virion, is…

Q: Why were Ignaz Semmelweis ideas ignored at his time in history 2. Which of its proteins does…

A: Ans-1 Ignaz Sammelweis was a Hungarian physician who disapproved the belief that post-operation…

Q: What are 3 good reasons that a greater proportion of the population must be vaccinated to stop the…

A: Measles is a contagious disease which is caused by a rubeola virus of paramyxoviriade family which…

Q: 3. Please identify 3 reasons why developing a vaccine for HIV has proven to be difficult. A. B. C.

A: HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a virus that attacks our immune system, gradually weakens it…

Q: Why do you think washing hands with soap and water can help fight against coronavirus?(hint Think…

A: Coronaviruses are a category of RNA viruses associated with birds and mammals that cause infections.…

Q: Give three examples of ways in which the risk of HIV-11 transmission from an infected mother to her…

A: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that targets the immune system of the body. AIDS…

Q: 1. What immunoassay is the most efficient for detecting HIV infection just by itself?

A: The fourth-generation ELISA test sometimes referred to as the combination test or the…

Q: 12. What is the window phase of an infection? How is this concept important for the test of HIV…

A: Introduction: AIDS is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It has a single stranded RNA…

Q: Why specific IgM but not IgG can be used as early diagnosis of infection? 2. How the knowledge of…

A: Specific antibodies are produced against a particular microbial agent which causes infection. IGM…

Q: Discuss how your immune system can help you against COVID 19 infection

A: COVID-19 is caused by a virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family of viruses. Antibiotics have…

Q: Name and briefly discuss 3 diseases that AIDS patients are more likely to contract.

A: Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a…

Q: 2. Describe the immunoserological characteristics of a hepatitis B-related antigen. 3. Describe the…

A: Note: As you have posted multiple questions and the specific question to be answered is not been…

Q: 4. Clinical features of disorders due to the breakdown of immunological tolerance.

A: Disorders due to breakdown of immunological tolerance are also known as autoimmune disorders. These…

Q: Which of the following are true? Choose all that apply HIV testing counselors ine the term…

A: Humans are infected by two kinds of lentivirus called human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). They…

Q: 6) (2 pts) Describe one way your INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM can help fight viral infections while it waits…

A: Our immune system fight against the infection and protect the body from any microbes and bacteria…

Q: ● 24-A 4 year old is scheduled for routine immunizations. As the nurse you know the physician will…

A: Introduction:-  Immunization to a new born is very important so as to develop immune response in the…

Q: Which of the following is true about HIV/AIDS? All of these are true about HIV/AIDS Eastern and…

A: HIV virus which causes Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome, (AIDS) is considered to be world's most…

Q: 1- There is no vaccine for this cause of viral hepatitis: A. Hepatitis A B. Hepatitis B C. Hepatitis…

A: Viral hepatitis causes inflammation of liver and can lead to damage of liver and failure. (Please…

Q: 1. What are the uses of passive immunization. 2.List few live and killed vaccines.

A: Given:   Passive Immunisation is the immunity that we acquire from someone or something else. It is…

Q: Discuss Clonal Selection Theory in human physiology and its application in Rubeola Infection in a…

A: Measles is caused by Rubeola virus, which belongs to the Paramyxovirus family. It is an acute…

Q: 4. Discuss the nine (9) HIV genes. 5. Cite or enumerate other opportunistic infections associated…

A: HIV also known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a sexually transmitted viral disease that causes…

Q: 21.Which of the following is a true statement about HIV?     Drugs can provide longer survival…

A: HIV, which stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a viral infection that attacks the immune…

Q: 2. What is the structure of SARS-CoV-2 virus? What are the immune responses to COVID-19 infection?…

A: SARS-COV-2 is Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. it is a strain of Corona virus which…

Q: Viral hepatitis C. Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations. Post-infection,…

A: Viral hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Let's explore its…

Q: Hepatitis B virus.  Structure. Antigenic structure.

A: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a dangerous liver infection that results in hepatitis B. Hepatitis B…

Q: a. What specific host defenses do immunodeficient, cancer, andAIDS patients lack that make them so…

A: The body is protected against various pathogenic or infectious particles called microbes through an…

Q: why are vaccines essential in prevention against stds and any other diseases?

A: We should know that vaccines help in the acquisition of active acquired immunity for the patient.…

Q: 2. Describe or draw the most suitable immunological assays or experiments for the following…

A: Designing suitable immunological assays for different scenarios can be critical for the timely and…

Q: 1. What causes antigen-antibody precipitation and agglutination

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: one false claim you have heard about vaccine safety /effectiveness.

A: VACCINE - It is a safe and secure biological preparation which protect individual from any harmful…

Q: Do most people infected with HIV, die from HIV? Explain your answer.

A: HIV or the human immunodeficiency virus is a contagious pathogen that attacks the immune system of a…

Q: 6

A: Health generally refers to the well-being of a person such that a stable equilibrium is maintained…

Q: 2.1. Explain the characteristics of bacteria and viruses that make them pathogens Explain how…

A: Additional explanation:Pathogenic bacteria and viruses pose significant threats to human health,…

Q: 9. Examine Table 1 regarding recommended childhood vaccinations. Based upon the definitions and…

A: Communicable diseases spread from one person associateother|to a different} or from an animal to…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.