1.Explain how type B intercalated cells increase the acidity of the blood (figure above). 2. How does the HCO3-/CI-antiport affect the amount of H+ available for reabsorption? 3) Why hyperkalemia often accompanies metabolic acidosis?

Q: What happens to renal clearance ( the ability of the kidney to monitor blood ion levels) if Blood…

A: Clearance is an assessment of the renal excretion ability used to determine how much plasma is…

Q: 2. If acidosis is the problem, which of the following are possible causes? elevated pCO2…

A: Introduction- Acid base balance is the body's balance between the intake and hydrogen ions output.…

Q: 12) Considering what you know about blood filtration and reabsorption, explain why too little…

A: Introduction  Edema is the swelling of both legs caused by an excess of fluid. Excess fluid can…

Q: 34. What happens to the rate of RBC production in a patient on dialysis with total renal failure?…

A: Kidneys act as filters of the blood and help in removing toxic and unwanted substances from the body…

Q: 33. Why is albumin present in pathological urine? What does the presence of albumin indicate?

A: Excess of albumin in urine is known as albuminuria  or sometimes proteinuria , which is a sign of…

Q: s acetone present in pathological urine? W

A:

Q: How does the hormone Angiotensin II affect MAP? Select only one answer.   1) it increases CO by…

A: Angiotensin II (ANG-II) is a hormone released by the renin-angiotensin system and plays an important…

Q: 1. What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells at the tissue site? 2.  Write the…

A: Hemoglobin is a protein present in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide from the…

Q: 1. Is the blood–brain barrier permeable to insulin? Explain. 2. Caffeine is a diuretic. What effect…

A: Answer: Ans 1- The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective and tightly regulated barrier…

Q: edema

A: Puffiness or swelling caused by excess fluids trapped in our body tissues is known as edema. Liver…

Q: nism of action (they physiology of what the drug does) and how it combats high blood pressure.?

A: Blood pressure It is the force of blood exerted against the walls of the blood vessel. It includes,…

Q: Differentiate the mechanism of action of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin Converting…

A: Angiotensin is a hormone which makes our blood vessels to become narrower that is required to…

Q: 1:- Why does diabetic kidneys proximal tubules have thinner walls and reduced brush borders?

A: Since the endocrine system struggles to maintain normal blood glucose levels, diabetics must often…

Q: Severely malnourished individuals, depleted of proteins and other solutes in their plasma,…

A: Edema refers to the excess amassing of liquid inside the tissues of the body. It can  emerge as a…

Q: A patient has a disorder called syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) with increased secretion of…

A: Introduction: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion known as SIADH. In this…

Q: Explain the effect of no vasopressin and maximum vasopressin concentration in the blood?

A: Vasopressin is an antidiuretic  peptide hormone formed in the hypothalamus . They are transported to…

Q: arte 120- Systolic pressure 100- 80 Diastolic- pressure 60- 40- Venae 20- Using your knowledge and…

A: In this question asked about the blood pressure in renal vein.  Detailed solution in step 2.

Q: Many blood pressure medications block the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts. How would…

A: Kidneys, the primary organs of excretion also participate in the regulation of water-electrolyte…

Q: 34. Is an increase in albumin excretion observed only in pathological urine? Why or why not?

A: A nephron is an important structure present in the kidneys. The nephrons work as an unit to perform…

Q: thoroughly the renal regulation of acid-base balance in the body with the illustration of…

A: There are two ways in the kidneys by which they maintain the acid-base balance in the body. Firstly…

Q: Explain the movement of water between bodycompartments that results in edema.

A: Body compartments are referred to as the spaces that are present between cells, tissues, or organs…

Q: Describe the Angiotensinogen-Angiotensin I-Angiotensin II Mechanism?

A: About 1 million nephrons are present in each kidney. Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a specialized…

Q: a) present a chart of water and salt balance regulation, indicate the main stimuli of system…

A: Renal artery stenosis is more likely if:•  Hypertension is severe, or of recent onset, or difficult…

Q: Describe how acidosis affects the central nervous systemand give two physiologic signs of this…

A: Acidosis is an impaired condition in which the excess of hydrogen ions drastically reduces the pH.…

Q: 8. Explain how cholesterol stones are formed in the gall bladder?

A: The gallbladder is a little, pear-formed organ in the upper right mid-region. Gallbladder stores and…

Q: What is the treatment for alkalosis and acidosis? 2. What is the common cause of metabolic…

A: 1.Treatment of acidosis and alkalosis involves identifying and treating the underlying cause of the…

Q: How is angiotensin II activated? What effects does itproduce?

A: Endocrine signaling in the body involves hormones that are capable of exerting their function on a…

Q: xplain the concepts of physiologic and pathophysiologic fluid shifts between the body’s fluid…

A: Osmolality is a measure of the number of dissolved solutes or milliosmoles of solute per kilogram of…

Q: Please explain in detail why does hyperkalemia always cause acidosis? Why does hypokalemia always…

A: Potassium is one of the important minerals present in the body. The normal level of potassium in the…

Q: Describe the regulation of chloride ions.

A: Chloride is a negatively charged ion also called as anion. It is required in the body as it is an…

Q: Now that you have determined the cause of acid-base imbalance in each patient, look to see if there…

A: Given above is the interpretation of ABG of four different patients. The pH of the body is closely…

Q: A patient exhibits the following symptoms: elevated urine ammonia and increased rate of respiration.…

A: Metabolic acidosis is the decrease in bicarbonate ions along with decrease in partial pressure of…

Q: Multiple Choice   angiotensin II activation -> rise in aldosterone -> increased in Na+ reabsorption…

A: The Renin-Angiotensin system is a system that is important for the regulation of blood pressure and…

Q: 1.What kinds of conditions or situations lead your body (and urine) to have a low pH? List 3.  2.…

A: Urine is a liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination…

Q: Explain the steps of  renin conversion to angiotensin II that take place once renin is secreted into…

A: The reabsorption of water by the late distal tubule and cortical and medullary collecting duct…

Q: adjust blood pH on the order of hours to days. Secretion of outside the kidneys via ion exchanger to…

A: For appropriate physiological functioning, the concentrations of acids and bases in the blood must…

Q: Explain why a proton pump inhibitor, such as the drugPrilosec, can relieve the symptoms of acid…

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Q: How can a deficiency of protein in the blood result in edema

A: Edema is enlarging or puffiness of parts of the body. Edema occurs in the feet, lower legs, and…

Q: . The renal clearances and plasma protein binding of three drugs in a 70 kg adult are as follows:…

A: Understanding how the kidneys handle drugs is pivotal in comprehending their elimination from the…

Q: 23. If a healthy person is given an infusion of hypertonic saline (3% NaCl), which of the following…

A: The blood that is left over after red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and other biological…

Q: Describe how donating approx. 500mL of whole blood disturbs cardiovascular physiology. Then,…

A: Homeostasis can be defined as the tendency of the body by which an organism can regulate the…