1. The mutant strain maroon-like has an X-linked mutant allele (X") that results in deep maroon-colored eyed in homozygous females and hemizygous males. To prove to a skeptical friend that this trait is in fact X-linked you set up a reciprocal cross against the wild type. What are the expected genotypic and phenotypic frequencies of each half of this crossing experiment? 2. What is the significance of reciprocal crossing?

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8 Pea plants produce different colored flowers, with purple flowers a dominant trait and white flowers a recessive trait. Cross two white flowered plants. Plant one: Genotype Phenotype Gametes Plant two: Genotype Phenotype Gametes Punnett square ubbioiole ANTE NA OPEAC Genotype ratio. Phenotype ratio. What percentage of their offspring would be expected to be white flowered? 9 A white flowered plant is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous. White flowered plant: Genotype Phenotype Gametes Heterozygous plant: Genotype Phenotype SAI Gametes Punnett square Genotype ratio: Phenotype ratio: What percentage of their offspring would be expected to be white flowered? Lab 8 Genetics 93

4. You have two probes that detect RFLPS that are closely linked (that is, RFLP 1 and 2 tend to be passed on together). You have been asked to help settle a paternity case. The two possible fathers have the following RFLP pedigree. The child and mother are also probed with these two RFLP probes. Is one male more likely to be the father? If so, which one? Explain your reasoning. (The data below the pedigree are two Southern blots.) grandparents grandparents dad #1 dad #2 child mother Probe #1 Probe #2 ||

1. Two loci found in mice are suspected to be linked. To test this hypothesis, a group of graduate students performed a test cross between mice that are true breeding for both dominant traits and mice that are true breeding for both recessive traits. Individuals from the F1 generation were crossed with individuals that express both recessive traits. The phenotypic results are shown in the table below. Use chi-square analysis to determine if the graduate students’ hypothesis is supported by the evidence. Phenotype Number of OffspringDominant 1, Recessive 2 132Dominant 1, Dominant 2 128Recessive 1, Recessive 2 118Recessive 1, Dominant 2 124 a. What are the degrees of freedom and the critical chi-square value (from the table)?b. What is the calculated chi-square value?c. Do the results support that the loci are linked or that they are independently assorted (unlinked)?

Smaug (The Chiefest and Greatest of Calamities, The Unassessably Wealthy, The Stupendous, etc.), is the dragon who lords over the Lonely Mountain in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. He is described with the following phenotypes: Reddish-golden scales Batlike wings Fire breathing Let's assume the following inheritance models are true for the dragon phenotypes observed: Phenotype Scale Color Wing Shape Fire Breathing Alleles R¹ (Red scales), R² (Gold scales) X¹ (Bat-like, Dominant), Xi (Insect-like, Recessive) F (Fire breathing), f (unable to create fire) Inheritance Model Incomplete dominance X-linked allele Mendelian

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6. There are two enzymes LDH1 and LDH2. The gene that encodes this enzyme is X-linked. You extract the enzyme from different cells in several people and carry out electrophoresis. Give the genotypes for each person Draw the banding pattern that you would expect in the gel. Male with Male with Female Female Heterozygous LDH1 gene homozygous female LDH2 homozygous for LDH2 for LDH1

3. For the following crosses, describe the genotype and phenotype frequencies of the offspring. I recommend using Punnett squares for each. Offspring phenotypes and frequencies А - 50% О -50% Parental Offspring genotypes and frequencies Parental genotypes phenotypes LAj x i Ai – 50% ii – 50% A and O Bị x Ai BIB x Ai AA x IBIB Bị x Bi AB x i

1. A selection experiment was carried out on a population of field mice in the lab had a mean hematocrit of 65. The mice used to create the next generation had a mean hematocrit of 50. Once the offspring from that experiment reached adulthood, the experimenters measure a mean hematocrit of 58. Answer the following questions using this information a). What is the narrow sense heritability for hematocrit in these mice? Show all work b).Using those results, what would be the predicted hematocrit in the offspring population after another generation of selection where only mice with a mean hematocrit 10 points below the parental mean were allowed to breed. Show all work c). Would you expect the narrow sense heritability for a wild population of field mice in Iqaluit to be the same ? Explain.