Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![### Organic Chemistry Reaction Scheme
**Objective:**
Complete the following outlined reactions that begin with propanoic acid.
**Reaction Scheme and Steps:**
1. **Starting Reactant: Propanoic Acid**
- **Chemical Structure:**
\[
\begin{array}{c}
\text{H} \\
\text{O} - \text{C} - \text{OH} \\
\text{CH}_2 - \text{CH}_3
\end{array}
\]
2. **First Step: Reaction with Thionyl Chloride (SOCl₂)**
- **Reactant:**
- Thionyl Chloride (SOCl₂)
- **Intermediate Product: Propanoyl Chloride**
3. **Second Step: Reaction with Ammonia (NH₃)**
- **Reactant:**
- Ammonia (NH₃)
- Quantity: 2 equivalents
- **Second Intermediate Product: Propanamide**
4. **Third Step: Reaction with Lithium (tri-tert-butoxy)aluminum Hydride**
- **Reactant:**
- Li[(t-BuO)₃AlH]
- **Third Intermediate Product: Propylamine**
5. **Fourth Step: Reaction with Benzyl Alcohol**
- **Reactant:**
- Benzyl Alcohol
- **Intermediate Product: Benzyl Ester of Propanamide**
\[
C_6H_5CH_2O - CO - NH - CH_2 - CH_3
\]
6. **Fifth Step: Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) (aq)**
- **Reactant:**
- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), aqueous solution
- **Final Product:**
- Benzyl Alcohol (C₆H₅CH₂OH)
- Resulting compound (need completion from intermediate)
**Graphical Representation:**
The graphical reaction scheme represents the sequential chemical reactions starting with propanoic acid, transforming through various reagents until reaching the final products. Each arrow in the diagram marks the direction of the reaction steps, with the appropriate reagents listed beside them.
Complete the diagram based on the reagents and the structural changes provided step by step. The final step shows the formation of Benzyl Alcohol, confirming that the reactions](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fff015db4-0da8-42fc-9d60-01a672218c35%2F383c1a38-d2cb-4502-b81e-011ee42637ba%2Fqwig8a_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Organic Chemistry Reaction Scheme
**Objective:**
Complete the following outlined reactions that begin with propanoic acid.
**Reaction Scheme and Steps:**
1. **Starting Reactant: Propanoic Acid**
- **Chemical Structure:**
\[
\begin{array}{c}
\text{H} \\
\text{O} - \text{C} - \text{OH} \\
\text{CH}_2 - \text{CH}_3
\end{array}
\]
2. **First Step: Reaction with Thionyl Chloride (SOCl₂)**
- **Reactant:**
- Thionyl Chloride (SOCl₂)
- **Intermediate Product: Propanoyl Chloride**
3. **Second Step: Reaction with Ammonia (NH₃)**
- **Reactant:**
- Ammonia (NH₃)
- Quantity: 2 equivalents
- **Second Intermediate Product: Propanamide**
4. **Third Step: Reaction with Lithium (tri-tert-butoxy)aluminum Hydride**
- **Reactant:**
- Li[(t-BuO)₃AlH]
- **Third Intermediate Product: Propylamine**
5. **Fourth Step: Reaction with Benzyl Alcohol**
- **Reactant:**
- Benzyl Alcohol
- **Intermediate Product: Benzyl Ester of Propanamide**
\[
C_6H_5CH_2O - CO - NH - CH_2 - CH_3
\]
6. **Fifth Step: Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) (aq)**
- **Reactant:**
- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), aqueous solution
- **Final Product:**
- Benzyl Alcohol (C₆H₅CH₂OH)
- Resulting compound (need completion from intermediate)
**Graphical Representation:**
The graphical reaction scheme represents the sequential chemical reactions starting with propanoic acid, transforming through various reagents until reaching the final products. Each arrow in the diagram marks the direction of the reaction steps, with the appropriate reagents listed beside them.
Complete the diagram based on the reagents and the structural changes provided step by step. The final step shows the formation of Benzyl Alcohol, confirming that the reactions
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