1. A column is made of two Channel sections as shown. They are latticed together by light diagonal bracing. The bracing prevents them from moving independently of each other however it does not itself add to the inertia properties. The column is 480" long and is Ball and Socket supported at each end. The column is A36 steel with E = 29,000 ksi. Determine the largest axial compressive load that can be supported with a safety factor of 2. Lacing bars C10 x 15.3 shapes aligned toe-to-toe 8.5 in. Cross section.

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.