.3 The peak power of a ruby laser is 100 megawatts (MW). If the beam is focused to a spot 10 microns (u) in diameter, find the irradiance and the amplitude of the electric field of the light wave at the focal point. The index of refraction is n = 1.

Photons with a wavelength of 519 nm in air enter a plate of flint glass with index of refraction n = 1.66. Find the speed, wavelength, and energy of a photon in the glass. (a) speed (in m/s)  m/s (b) wavelength (in m)  m (c) energy (in J)

Plot a graph of sin(θi) versus sin(θr) in an application such as Excel.  Execute a linear regression fit and display the fit equation as well as the correlation coefficient.

An astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS) is experimenting with a solid-state green laser communications system from on-orbit at 435 km altitude to the earth's surface with a wavelength of 532nm and beam divergence (width) of 10 radians or 5.73 x 10-150 << 1°. The indices of refraction in free space and the atmosphere are no = 1.00000 ..., and na = 1.000293. Although density in the atmosphere varies continuously from the thinness of the upper atmosphere (near p → 0) to higher density at the surface, refraction can be modeled as a “surface' mid-atmosphere just like classic Snell's Law calculations. (d) What is the refracted wavelength, and the speed of the laser beam in air? (e) If the communications bit rate is the inverse of the laser frequency period [s], what is this bit rate?

A CD or DVD uses a laser to read information from small depressions on a disk. Which of the following would allow you to read the largest amount of information from the disk? an infrared laser. an ultraviolet laser. a laser using red light. O a laser using green light.

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Question A4 The mineral schreibersite is often found in iron-nickel meteorites. One sample was found to have a body-centred tetragonal structure with a = 9.0168 Å and c = 4.4491 Å. Calculate the scattering angle and the multiplicity for the first (lowest 0) diffraction peak, using Cu Ka radiation of wavelength X = 1.5406 Å.

1. Based on the material properties shown in the table, draw and explain electric field distribution assuming AC (60 Hz) voltage. (clearly show the difference in refraction angle) U Material 1 E (Vacuum Permittivity) Er (Relative Permittivity) Y (Conductivity) d (Thickness) Material 1 Material 2 8.85 x 10-12 [F/m] 1 10-15 [S/m] 3 10-18 [S/m] 5 [mm] 1 [mm] Dielectric Strength U (Voltage) 3 [kV/mm] 40 [kV/mm] 20 [kV] Material 2 2. Based on the material properties shown in the table, draw and explain electric field distribution assuming DC (0 Hz) voltage. (clearly show the difference in refraction angle) U Material 1 Material 2

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Plot a graph of sin(θi) versus sin(θr) in an application such as Excel.  Execute a linear regression fit and display the fit equation as well as the correlation coefficient.