. As of this writing in 2016, no Neanderthal-derivedY chromosome nor mitochondrial DNA sequenceshas ever been found in a modern human. Proposetwo alternative explanations.
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A: Ans... Homo floresiensis
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. As of this writing in 2016, no Neanderthal-derived
Y chromosome nor mitochondrial DNA sequences
has ever been found in a modern human. Propose
two alternative explanations.
One of the ancient species of humans was Neanderthals who have been extinct now. Neanderthals are supposed to live in Eurasia, and there is little contribution of these species to the genome of modern humans.
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Solved in 2 steps
- Knowledge of the genomes of ancient homininsmight help us better understand not only the evolutionaryhistory of hominins, but also the traits that differ between usand our relatives—the traits that make us human. Our understandingof the functions of different genes is growing rapidly,so detailed comparisons of our genes to those present in, say,Neanderthals and Denisovans are very revealing. What do youthink are the functions most likely to be related to the geneticdifferences between us and our hominin relatives?Species Embryo (A-F) Describe the Anatomical Changes from Early to Late Stages Human Chicken Rabbit Tortoise Salamander В Fish A Guide Questions: 1. Look again at the six embryos in their earliest stages. Describe the patterns you see. What physical similarities exist between each of the embryos? 2. Does this suggest an evolutionary relationship? Explain how these embryos can be used as evidence of a common ancestor between each of these six organisms.20. The ~100 Neanderthal remains from the site Krapina, Czech Republic, exhibit an abrupt change to a more modern appearance approximately 40,000 ybp, indicating that Neanderthals were completely replaced by Anatomically modern humans. exhibit a slow transition from Neanderthals to more modern appearance over time. were all slaughtered by an incoming hoard of Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens. demonstrate that Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA is not found among any living human populations. provide evidence for care of the elderly.
- Imagine that you have the DNA sequences fromthe intron of a gene in three species called A, B,and C. Species A and B are most closely related,while C is more distantly related. The sequencesof A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differby 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 basepairs. Fossils show that species A and B divergedabout 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence asto when the most recent common ancestor ofall three species lived. Use the genetic data toestimate that date. What assumptions are youmaking to get this estimate?Define the concept of -"The Neanderthal Genome and Modern Humans".?. In browsing through the chimpanzee genome, you findthat it has three homologs of a particular gene, whereashumans have only two.a. What are two alternative explanations for thisobservation?b. How could you distinguish between these twopossibilities?
- Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome contains sequences that originated from an unknown human species. Using Figure 19.11, speculate on which species this might be. Is it possible that there are other ancestral species that may remain to be discovered that would change the phylogeny presented in the figure? FIGURE 19.11 Estimates for the dates of origin and extinction for the three main groups of hominins (green, blue, and orange). The australopithecines split into two groups about 2.7 million years ago. One of those groups, the genus Homo, contains the ancestors to our species, H. sapiens.The Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) is an individual who donated DNA to every single living person, meaning we are all related to each other through him/her. Which statement best describes the human MRCA based on mitochondrial evidence? O The very first member of our species O A woman who lived in Siberia 40-50,000 years ago O This person was the only human alive at some point O A woman who lived in Africa 200,000 to 300,000 years agoJust as anatomical homology can lead to vestigial structuressuch as human wisdom teeth and the wings of flightlessbirds, genetic homology can lead to vestigial DNA sequences.For example, most mammal species produce an enzyme,L-gulonolactone oxidase, that catalyzes the last step in the productionof vitamin C. The species that produce the enzyme areable to do so because they all inherited the gene that encodesit from a common ancestor. Humans, however, do not produceL-gulonolactone oxidase, so we can’t produce vitamin C ourselvesand must consume it in our diets. But even though wedon’t produce the enzyme, our cells do contain a stretch of DNAwith a sequence very similar to that of the enzyme-producinggene present in rats and most other mammals. The human version,though, does not encode the enzyme (or any protein). Weinherited this stretch of DNA from an ancestor that we share withother mammal species, but in us, the sequence has undergonea change that rendered it nonfunctional. (The…
- Explain the out-of-Africa theory of human origins andhow studies of mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosomesupport it.Full or partial limblessness has evolved many times invertebrates (snakes, lizards, manatees, whales). Do youexpect the mutations that occurred in the evolution oflimblessness to be in the coding or noncoding sequencesof toolkit genes? Why?of this =rab or ditions ionary escen- se or 5. Describe two examples of vestigial structures that you can find among the Caminalcules. These are structures that have been reduced to the point that they are virtually useless. Ear muscles and the tail bones are examples of vestigial structures in our own species. Explain how vestigial structures provide clues about a species' evolutionary past. Illustrate your argument with vestigial structures found in humans or other real species.