Wireless Sensor Networks Have Many Advantages Over Traditional Wired Sensing Technology

The novel To Kill a Mockingbird is a story that takes place during prejudice times. A little girl named Scout Finch and her brother Jem Finch live with their father, Atticus, in the town of Maycomb. They lost their mother when they were younger, so they have a black house maid named Calpurnia who watches out for them constantly. One summer, Scout and Jem meet a neighborhood kid named Dill. The three become fascinated with the stories of a man who lives in the neighborhood named Boo Radley. Although they are told not to go near the house, they do otherwise .After having a summer of fun; it is time for school to start back. Dill returns home, and Scout and Jem begin school.

However, pesticides are used to control pests, which include insects, mice and other animals, unwanted plants (weeds), fungi, or microorganisms like bacteria and viruses. Often misunderstood to refer only to the insecticides, the term pesticide also applies to herbicides (that control weeds), fungicides (that control fungi), and substances used to control other pests. In addition, because many pests tend to travel between farms, resistance to pesticides can evolve at an inefficient rate. Farmers can increase the economic efficiency of chemical use by adapting integrated pest and resistance management practices, such as rotating crops and pesticides, reducing reliance on a single pesticide, adjusting planting and harvesting dates, scouting fields, and using more benign, and biological control

A bright red juicy tomato, a golden yellow, sweet ear of corn, a dense robust potato, and a shiny bright red apple have more in common than just being fruits and vegetables; they nourish the world? Or, are they slowly killing people? In this present time, most types of vegetation are treated with herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides to some degree. In regard to whether or not this exposure is harmful to humans or not is a question that is going to be explored within this paper. Do the benefits of using pesticides and herbicides in agriculture outweigh their potential harmful effects on human health?

The purpose of this research is to highlight to what extent government policy has violated the human rights of women in China. Government policy is important to the organization of countries. Government policies work to aid in political, economic, and social issues that can become detrimental to the function of a country. Flourishing government policies prove to be efficient and effective when implementation is deemed successful. The One Child Policy proved to be successful in reducing population size. As past policy rules have now been eased, family planning officials in the region have begun drafting less strict family planning protocols. Though it has proved to be a successful policy in curbing population growth, the One

of the river. It averaged only 12 miles in width from the Nile delta to the

Abstract— Wireless Sensor Network broadly used for observing the environmental constraint. An automated irrigation system is developed to improve water use for agriculture yields. Energy conservation is a very critical issue in wireless sensor networks. For monitoring the energy consumption MAC protocols plays a very major role. With the help sensors and simple circuitry this work purposes low-cost product, which can be bought even by a poor farmer. The structure has a dispersed sensor nodes (SN) comprising of soil moisture, humidity and temperature sensors located in the soil and base station (BS). BS will gather data from SN. If the collected data in the BS is less than threshold value then BS will perform a needed action for irrigation. In this project, a TDMA based algorithm and single hop wireless communication are used to provide better energy efficiency. Network Simulator-3 (NS-3) has been used for the exploration of the algorithm.

In agricultural industry, along with vegetables, fruit production also plays a vital role. For better yield of fruit, detection of fruit diseases at early stage is necessary for taking preventive measures, so as to reduce the loss of farmer. For detecting the disease an earlier approach was to hire an expert which was time consuming for large farms, hence to reduce human efforts and to improve the yield of fruits we are proposing a system which includes smart farming technique .In the proposed system image processing is used for getting the required output, we are using Open Cv library which is an image processing software. Images are classified and mapped to respective diseases on basis of following features: color, texture, morphology, structure of hole and odour. E-NOSE is used which is a

This paper presents an environmental monitoring system based on wireless sensor network for air quality measurement and natural gas leakages. The system is based on catalytic off-the-self available gas sensors and on a novel strategy of sampling and processing which permits to reduce the energy consumption of one order of magnitude. The characteristic of the sensing device has been extracted both with the standard utilization and the new proposed approach, to compare and validate our results. Moreover the importance of the humidity present in the environment has been taken into account and included in the model, because it severely affects the measurements. The wireless sensor network developed has been also extended using a smartphone to enable data sharing over internet and to enhance portability of the overall system.

Figure 5. XBee Pro 63mW Wire Antenna - Series 2B (ZigBee Mesh). SparkFun website …………………………………………………………………………………………................7

To test the water usage of the smart agricultural system, data was collected for the three different types of algorithms implemented for this project: timed based, reactive, and proactive control of the environment. The timed based algorithm turns the water pump on based only on the time of the day. The reactive algorithm turns the water pump on only if the soil moisture falls below a certain threshold. The first two algorithms only consider one type of data for their algorithms, either time or soil moisture. Comparatively, the proactive algorithm actively monitors the environmental conditions to determine the best time to turn the water pump on. The proactive algorithm monitors the soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pressure, time

A wireless sensor network plays a vital role in the field of agriculture. It is a new interdisciplinary technology which is achieved as a great development in recent years. Low power consumption, Low cost and self organization of wireless sensor network got it widely used in many fields. This project deals with technical advantage of the applications of wireless sensor network in modern architecture. Sensors are the hopeful device for precision agriculture. In this project the sensors measures the necessity of water, soil fertility, humidity etc. The sensors sends the respective message to the respective server to a secured cloud’s that user can benefit valuable time and cost efficiency. By forming wireless sensor network, we can make good monitoring system to measure the growth of plants. This project proposed idea about monitoring the plants without a man power. The fundamental concept of this project is to provide a highly enabled monitoring of plants.

Smart Farming techniques offered by leading Agriculture Company AGCO?s Fuse Technology 's 'Connected Farm Services ' is under study. Study presents the future of information technology used with the IOT (Internet of Things) technology and rapid development of formulated applications in agriculture field. SWOT analysis has been used to analyze the issue under study. Case has been explained in majorly five portions, introduction, Smart farming operational

prerequisite conditions of seedling germination. The rapid development and wide adaptability of wireless sensor networks in agriculture has increased the quality of the crops produced. Many researchers have worked on real time monitoring systems. Aimed to design and develop a network integrated of sensors to manage the agricultural water of sensors to manage the agricultural water. Now a days WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) ZigBee is one of the most predictive, reliable and dominant standard. ZigBee model defines the first two layers as physical layer (a) and data-link layer (b) of OSI model. ZigBee is specified for high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios signals based on IEEE 802 standard for Wireless personal area networks. ZigBee is a low-cost wireless mesh network standard. The low cost of the ZigBee network enables the technology to be widely used in

Medical Sensor Networks have unique constrictions as compared to conventional networks making the execution of security measures impractical. Medical Sensor Networks aspire to develop the breathing healthcare and monitoring services, particularly for the aged people, kids and persistently ill.

Agriculture is the keystone of the Indian economy. Ensuring food security for more than1 billion Indian populations with diminishing cultivable land resource is a herculean task. This necessitates use of high yielding variety of seeds, balance use of fertilizers, judicious use of quality pesticides along with education to farmers and the use of modern farming techniques. It is estimated that India approximately loses 18 percent of the crop yield valued at Rs.900 billion due to pest attack each year. The use of pesticides help to reduce the crop losses, provide economic benefits to farmers, reduce soil erosion and helping ensuring food safety & security for the nation. The Pesticide Management Bill 2008 defines “Pesticide” as,