Attach an essay focusing on your scientific interests and aspirations, including any experiences that led to these interests.
Time. From a practical standpoint, it is a seemingly simple word that defines the progression of one event to another. A scientific outlook, however, proves that time is far from
“simple.”
Two years back in freshman year, I had a heated discussion with a friend that prompted my now-immense interest in Einstein’s theory of special relativity and the space-time continuum.
I wondered: “Why couldn’t anything surpass the speed of light? Why can time bend? How is the bending of time related to the bending of space, or distance? With the aid of my friend, I succeeded in deriving the Lorentz Factor.
My stunned reaction to the lack of any usage of math knowledge
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Not only do I aspire to learn more about this topic and delve even deeper into Einstein’s mindset of things, but I aim, I resolve, to eventually understand it in more depth. With goals come roadblocks, however, which is, ironically, time. How would I find the time to learn, when I already cram in hours of violin practice, and hours of homework a day? This seemingly endless paradox – wishing to understand time though not having enough time to do so, manipulating time to make time to study time would require the understanding of time – serves as the only dilemma. Though the theory of relativity is one specific branch that immediately catches my attention in any intellectual conversation, I adore the general subject of physics. I attribute this interest in physics and mathematics to my freshman year honors physics teacher; his love and craving of learning beyond what was within the curriculum attracted my attention. I still recall his challenge problems, where he encouraged us to spend hours upon hours over one single problem, without having a grade to worry about. Frequently during lunch, a group of students and I would stop by his room to work on challenge labs and expand our
Whether it be Rhea, Bennie’s high school friend, who would do anything to speed up time in order to feel comfortable in her own body, or Lou Kline, Bennie’s mentor who becomes overly obsessed with staying young forever, each character has their own personal struggle with the concept of time. As mentioned several times in the novel, “time’s a goon” and as all of us know, goons wait for no one. Time does not care if you are Bennie Salazar and you want to go back to the days where music was played on cassette tapes and 8-tracks. Time also does not care if you are Jocelyn, another one of Bennie’s high school friends, and you want to pause time and go back to your high school days of dating 30 something year old Lou Kline and tell yourself not to get in his car while hitchhiking. Through her novel, Egan does an excellent job of getting the point across that no matter who you are or what you have been through, you cannot freeze time nor stop its ageing process.
Although many may not believe it until it happens to them, time can pass by so swiftly that one won’t even register it at first. Yes, time passing is a part of life, but the realization of it is another story within itself. “Forgetfulness,” a poem by Billy Collins, and an excerpt from “Once More to the Lake” by E.B. White both provide a clear example of how fast time can go by. In Collin’s piece, he puts together many various ideas one can forget as their life moves incredibly fast. Likewise, in White’s “Once More to the Lake,” the narrator struggles to understand how quickly time really passed and how his son is so similaralike to him. Both of these pieces of writing use X syntax and X diction to develop the common theme of annihilated time.
It is a theory of not just curved space but of curved time also. Einstein was the first to see that space and time are connected to each other. One that can describe the location of an event with four numbers. Three which describe the position of the event, distance, above or below sea level, galactic latitude and longitude or the distance from the center of a galaxy. The fourth, it's time. Space and time are together as a four-dimensional entity known as space-time. Each point of space-time is labeled by four numbers that specify the position in space and in time. Einstein proved that time and position where an event occurred depended on how one was moving. Time and space were bound together. Times that observers assigned to events would only agree if the observers were not moving relative to each other and disagree more as their relative speed increased. So how fast must one go in order for the time for one observer to move backwards relative to another observer? For time travel we would need to move faster than light. Einstein showed that the power needed to accelerate a ship increased as it got closer to the speed of light concluding that we would need an infinite amount of power to accelerate past the speed of light. This theory rules out time travel into the past. It also indicates that space travel was going to be a painstakingly long process. Not going faster than the speed of light, the round trip to the nearest star would take at least eight years, to the center of the galaxy, at least eighty thousand years. To the people on board it seem as if only a few years had past but it wouldn’t be enough to console them that everything they had known was dead and forgotten thousands of years
Yet, in fiction, time passing at different rates is a relatively common concept. Perhaps this intrigues us because of real world experiences which fit that concept in some sense.
Spacetime is the union of the three spatial dimensions and the one time dimension into a continuum1. According to general relativity, gravity is the curvature of this spacetime due to the presence of mass. The greater the present mass the greater the curvature. Extremely large changes in spacetime curvature create wave like ripples in spacetime that propagate at light speed.2 These extremely large changes can occur due to black holes merging together. These ripples are gravitational waves, and can be detected. In 1916 gravitational waves were predicted by Albert Einstein in his theory of general relativity.1
The second theory of the relativity of time is used by Robert Zemeckis in the movie Back to the Future and Back to the Future Part II. Marty travels back in time in the first movie and back to the present time, and then in the second he goes into the future, then the present, then the past. Marty travels through all of these different time periods which become altered every time Marty and Doc travel in time. As they go between different time periods, Marty and Doc encounter different alternate universes that are coexisting. Every time they go into a different year they have to be extremely careful as if they disturb anything they will alter the future course of history. This exemplifies the idea of the second theory of the relativity of
Theoretical Physics, a modern topic of science with an extremely deterring sound and famous for being beyond complex, is a subject which cannot be explained with ease. Stephen Hawking, the most famous living scientist today, wrote A Brief History of Time in 1988, updated in 1996, in order to take upon this daunting task of explaining basic theoretical physics to a population who had previously barely studied any science. Within A Brief History of Time, Hawking touches upon seven topics in-depth while easily explaining them in a simple manner: our picture of the universe, space and time, the expanding universe, the uncertainty principle, elementary particles and the forces of nature, black holes, and the origin and fate of the universe.
In Tom Benecke story he lost time and thought his wife was gone longer than she actually. “She'd be another three hours or--He glanced at his watch: Clare had been gone eight minutes. It wasn't possible, but only eight minutes ago he had kissed his wife good-by. She wasn't even at the theater yet!”. In Patrick Daniels story when he lost time he was unconscious longer than he thought he thought he was only unconscious for a day when it turned out to be three days. In Brian Ingalls story time seemed to slow down when he saw the tree and grabbed onto it, as he was falling. The other thing people experience is
Nobody is ever on the same schedule, doing things exactly like another person. Even to go as far as other galaxies and planets, time cannot be existing on the same terms. In short, time is not absolute. In the space-time continuum, space bends whenever there is a mass.
Naturally, my eagerness to learn came about at a very young age. I always wanted to know how the human body worked. Growing up in the age of YouTube, I often poured over countless hours of videos learning simple concepts that I could easily understand at that time. As I grew I was always looking to learn something new. Finally, in high school I took advantage of College Now, a program where students in high school had access to college classes on a college campus while receiving college credits. While I was there, I earned a Certificate in Computer Science from CUNY Queens College. This eagerness to learn came about of a very simple reason. My parents had high aspirations for me since no one on either side of their families had ever gone beyond a high school education. They wanted me to be the first in the family to achieve a Bachelor’s degree. Finally in 2012, I graduated from St. Johns University with a
This postulate developed by Einstein has what some would call key problems and would cause uproar in conventional thinking. Things such as time now become variables when original thinking classified it as an unchanging constant. Just thinking about this prospect can be mind boggling. Time is something that everyone takes for granted as being a constant flow, just ticking away, and perpetual. But, in fact, it is something that depends entirely on space-time. How do we know that time is relative? Imagine a different kind of clock. This clock is unique because instead of a hand ticking away it is actually a beam of light bouncing between two mirrors. This would seem the most logical choice of an accurate clock because light is a constant right? As we observe the clock it ticks off at regular
Einstein’s theory of relativity determined that the speed of light within a vacuum is constant no matter the speed at which the observer is traveling and with this found out that space and time were intertwined together in a continuum identified as space-time. In the theory of special relativity, time is said to move slower or faster depending on the observer.
A useful expression for time, length, was found by considering a mirror clock accelerated by a certain field. The time and length were found to depend on velocity and potential. This expression reduced to that of generalized special relativity for weak field. Another expression which relates energy and momentum is also found it reduces to special relativity in the absence of fields.
In 1905, Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity was proposed. The reason that it is so "special" is because it was part of the more complex and extensive Theory of General Relativity, which was published in 1915. His theory reshaped the world of physics when it contradicted all previous laws of motion erected by Galileo and Newton. By mathematically manipulating these previous laws of motion, physicists in the nineteenth century were able to explain such phenomena as the flow of the ocean, the orbits of planets around the sun, the fall of rocks, and the random behavior of molecules in gases. At first, Einstein faced great opposition when he came up with his radical new theory because the previous laws of motion proposed by
Time travel has long been a fascination of the science fiction genre, with many of the great stories concerning time travel being centred around the philosophical issues of the paradoxes seemingly caused by just the possibility of time travel, namely that of bootstrap and grandfather paradoxes. A question that is often bandied about is whether or not time travel is possible, now unless those questioning are physicists attempting to warp space-time back upon its self-using long equations and ‘Tardis ' like machines, what is, in fact, being asked by the average person is can there be time travel without paradox? I will attempt to answer this question, with the use of the most notable and pressing time travel paradox and it’s supposed solutions. Further to this, I will obviously be assuming for the sake of argument time travel is not only possible but freely available to the hypothetical time traveller I will centre this essay on. (there will be no issues of getting stuck in the past for out time traveller) Time travel paradoxes come in two forms temporal and ontological. The former is the one which will be discussed in this essay and is concerned with conflicts in causality, that is the order of events and how they interact as a result of cause and effect, a basic law of nature. For context, the later type of paradox the ontological is in relation to the formation and acquisition of knowledge.