Discuss the stylistic terms “Gothic Revival” and “Italianate” in terms of South Australian Colonial and Victorian era architecture. Use examples to illustrate your argument and reference origins overseas and local variations.
Introduction
This essay will aim to expand on and discuss Gothic Revival and Italianate architecture that emerged during the Colonial and Victorian periods around the world and which was brought to Australia during colonisation. As defined in Identifying Australian Architecture by Richard Apperly et al., the Colonial period started in 1788 and continued until 1840. During this time the western world saw the Industrial Revolution shape a new world, followed by Gothic Revival as a reaction against the rigid social structures that followed after the Industrial Revolution. It is impossible to ignore the origins and influences of Gothic architecture, and therefore later the Gothic revival, when talking about Australian architecture because colonisation by
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Designed by William Wardell, it was built from 1871-1876 and was modelled on Queen Victoria’s Osborne House. Melbourne’s Government House has Italianate features the asymmetrical massing, prominent tower employing classical motifs, pyramidal tower roof, tower parapet, bracketed eaves, faceted bay, arcaded loggia and stucco wall finish. It is strongly tied to England due to Wardell’s love for classical and Italianate design.15 The architecture of Melbourne’s Government House provides a statement that strongly identifies with its British heritage, while at the same time announces the importance of its function by boasting strong cultural and monetary values. It stands out as an impressive echo of its original in Britain, while at the same time Wardell, who became a true architect of Australia, slots it into the Australian fabric to create a statement on its own in the political and residential context of
In the study of Australian modern architecture, the term regionalism has constantly been discussed. In an architectural sense, regionalism can be understood as an architecture that is derived from its local setting. In relevance to this, elements of regionalism can be found in the works of Sydney Ancher and Peter Muller, two figures that had significant influence in Australian architecture discourse whose works can be seen as being Australian. Nevertheless, as much as how their works respond to regionalism, the proof of overseas principles being adopted is clear.
Australia is one of the continents over the world. The vast, varied land and the culture in this abundant place has a deep and lasting impact to the architectural design traditions—Tectonic. Tectonic can be regarded as one distinctive characteristic which is relating to building or architectural construction. It also gives ability for people to read a structure, or see how a structure was put together. Among those architects who had used this tradition in their designs, Donovan Hill and Glenn Murcutt, as Australian architectures, have their own style relates to tectonic. For example, Donovan Hill composes different materials and layered against with one another in D House, while Murcutt establishes a harmonious connection to the surrounding landscape and local climate with Magney House.
Architecture has always been an integral part of society and its culture. It not only defines the space of the community that it participates in but it also shapes the community’s place in history. During the 19th century, Gothic Revival became a rapidly growing architectural movement. The Gothic Revival styles sought to revive medieval Gothic architecture, in contrast to the neoclassical styles prevalent at the time. A new group of architects began popularizing picturesque styles and started taking inspiration from nature. A style was built more honestly using natures own colors and materials, blending the architecture harmoniously into its surrounding. The Lyndhurst Mansion designed in 1838 by Alexander Jackson Davis (1803-1892) and The Rose Hill Plantation House built in 1860 by Edward Brickell White (1806-1882) are two examples that embody the picturesque Gothic Revival.
After the war Australia was fascinated with all things American. clothing, furniture,cars and houses. Previously our influences had been predominantly from the British. This American Bungalow was a cheap and attracting form of permanent housing that was rapidly taken on throughout Wagga Wagga City Centre.The Bungalow style was so popular that few houses were built in other styles through the 1920’s. Most residences were made from brick with corrugated iron roofs.
Modernism transformed life in Australia across five tumultuous decades from 1917 to 1967 , it spans all aspect of Australian culture including art, design, architecture, advertising, film, photography and fashion. The process of modernisation has had a profound affect, changing our perspectives and the course of our everyday living.
Lessons Learnt: Socrates, the Sophists, and Divinity In Xenophon’s Memorabilia we witness a schematic continuation, yet a simultaneous divergence, from Xenophon’s treatment of Socratic piety in The Apology. Indeed, whilst the Apology provides its readers with an entry point into Socratic piety by establishing its uniqueness from that of Athens, the Memorabilia provides its readers with a much more nuanced and detailed account of Socratic piety in and of itself. In other words, whilst the Apology reactively establishes that Socratic piety cannot be reduced to a mere parallel formulation of Athenian piety, the Memorabilia actively establishes an account of what Socratic piety entails: the former text establishes what Socratic piety is not –it
As Australian architects were often inspired by international designs many houses were decorative thus there was the emergence of the Californian Bungalow within the 1920s. This housing structure began during the “early nineteen-twenties which became a leading fashion” (Boyd, 1962, p.70). Due to the fact that Australian designs were not as independent as it is today the Californian Bungalow was mainly influenced from the American Californian Bungalows. The bungalows in Australia was an approved style for a suburban house as a result of its simplistic building methods such as staining timbers, creating a pale plaster surface and applying decorative textures on plywood (Cuffley, 2007). Hence, the bungalows was a start of a new way of living for
Australia was influenced by the infrastructure that the free settlers made. The free settlers had contributed greatly to make cities in Australia. They made buildings, roads, hospitals and schools. An example of this are the roads and the old buildings of Sydney because the white free settlers had built it. We still have these roads and buildings and most of which we still use today. It shows us that the
Old Parliament House was once the home of Australia’s Federal Parliament from 1927 all the way to 1988. During this period of time, many great changes took place in the Australian social and political life. This is the building in which democracy has had its growth in Australia. The building was designed by John Smith Murdoch the very first Commonwealth government architect. He was asked to design a building needed to serve as a parliament for about 50 years. Since the building was finished the Australian capital city has been growing ever since. The need for a national capital arose when the Australian colonies united to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. Parliament House was like town inside a city. It had its very own library, post
The incredible work of these Modernist architects had a strong and distinct influence on up and coming young Australian Architects during the 1950’s – 1970’s.
A way to truly know a building has gothic architecture is if the building has a pointed arches, irregular appearance, variety of materials, and rich in colors and decoration. Many church and college buildings have the gothic architecture such as Duke University with its phenomenal arches, and St. Marks Basilica with its opulent designs. Not only did famous colleges and churches have the gothic architecture, but homes do too. Beams, posts, cutouts, windows, staircases and fireplaces are just a few items that have influenced home’s designs that have come from the gothic architecture. With windows, many mid century homes used windows to bring in light, which came from cathedrals, “Use of light as a factor in worship”.
Managing diversity is one of the hardest tasks for the modern fire service manager to accomplish. Firstly the manager is required by Title VII and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to provide an employment pattern that matches the demographic makeup of the particular community. Can a manager in the modern fire service manage a diversity program that truly manages diversity instead of simply trying to increase the numbers and percentages of minority workers in their fire department? Diversity encompasses a very wide spectrum ranging from cultural to subcultural categories, and it also includes individual or personal traits.
It can be hard to visit Sydney without noticing the imposing Queen Victoria Building. Operated as a market facility for almost two centuries, it embodies an impressive historical continuum. That is mostly the reason why this site has been chosen to highlight the concepts of tradition and modernity, through some key-intellectual concepts that are relevant both from the path and the present.
The animals in Animal Farm represented the characteristics of various historical figures. It satirized the Russian Revolution, so many of the characters represent specific political figures. Napoleon the pig, Squealer, and Boxer displayed multiple similarities to people involved and affecting the Revolution. Napoleon was the pig who emerged as the leader of the animals after the revolution.
As a brief introduction to Gothic, the label ‘Gothic’ was coined in Italy. It was during Renaissance, “as a derogatory reference to the art and architecture of these earlier centuries” (Introduction: