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Wendell Smith: Market Segmentation Essay

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In 1956, Wendell Smith published a paper proposing market segmentation as alternative marketing strategy (Smith 1956) and is often credited with popularising the now common place marketing fundamental. Market segmentation is the division of the market into smaller segments of consumers with similar defining characteristics and needs. (Kotler et al, 2013). Marketers will use one or a combination of the main segmentation variables: demographic, geographic, behavioural and psychographic. Psychographic segmentation divides a large heterogeneous market into smaller homogenous markets based on personality traits, values, lifestyle or social class (Kotler et al., 2013). This method allows companies to tailor their product and marketing mix to the …show more content…

There are several advantages to psychographic segmentation. They have proven very effective brand positioning and reinforcement. (Yankelovich and Meer, 2006) It allows companies to better tailor their product to the target market, to create an appropriate and simplified marketing mix, gain insight into future product design and research. (Tynan and Drayton, 1987) Daniel Yankelovich and David Meer argue that whilst psychographics bring ‘colour and insight to segmentation’ (2006, pg.128) they are unable to predict the buying patterns or brand choice of consumers and that excessive focus on consumer identities detracts from product development. They also propose that psychographics offer little insight into potential markets worth entering, future pricing or possible future offers and that most companies don’t consider psychographics to change or evolve over time therefore don’t reinvest in subsequent evaluations. (Yankelovich and Meer, 2006). Wells (1975) questions the validity of psychographic segmentation result given that results vary between studies, often due to use of different values systems and profiles. Wells assesses the reliability of psychographics in that they can’t possibility cater for every personality, value or lifestyle variant.
Psychographic segmentation of alcohol relies heavily on lifestyle values. Thach and Oslen (2004) identify

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