Essay on Water Treatment Process

Water plays a vital role in nearly all key processes of human life. From merely sustaining it in less developed countries, all the way up to being the cornerstone of many technological and industrial processes in modern America. The average consumption ranges from 5.4 liters in Madagascar to over 500 hundred liters in America1. This large consumption in the developed world can largely be attributed to the many technological advances and industrial processes that sustain our way of life today. However this water is rarely ever pure, usually it contains numerous minerals such as Mg2+ and Ca2+ that can contribute to scale build up in industrial processes that cause inefficiency and structural damage. This experiment serves to evaluate several filtration processes to see which is most efficient at removing minerals that contribute to water hardness and thus scale formation. First however we will gain a better understanding of water hardness.

This would allow the movement of water which helps to replenish the anoxic water with oxygen-rich water. This also helps eliminate the excess nutrients and assimilate the lower levels of waste.

To ensure that the Animas River returns to its original state and the drainage from the Gold King Mine is cleaned up, we believe that a high density sludge process should be used. We believe the most effective high density sludge process is the health steele process. This process works by first mixing the sludge with lime in a tank so that the water can return to it’s original ph. Once the water reaches a safe ph for drinking, it reaches the lime reactor where air is added to ensure the water doesn’t change when exposed to air. Once the water leaves the lime reactor it is transported to the floc tank, where the remaining contaminated particles are removed from the drinking water. The final step is when the water reaches the clarifier and is sent back out to the river, as a healthy drinking water.

In conclusion, a treatment can purify drinking water largely than city treatment plants and distillation, this option, made a successful at removing some contaminants, it is expensive and wasteful, but it is safe. The perfect technology for treating water and removing unwanted contaminants is water filtration. Water filters, when compared to any other water treatment option, will remove the contaminants and afford safer, healthier drinking water. Tap water, beside on not being expensive and highly available as a main drinking water, is under the government organization as municipal

Initial treatment is important because supplied water must pass through the narrow corridors during the process. In addition, plankton must be removed to prevent the deposition of organisms and their growth on the membranes. It includes chemotherapy filtering and adding acid or other chemicals to prevent sedimentation.

Thought water is the other name of life, more than billion people around the world cannot drink clean water. Some of them used to walk for milieus just to fetch water for themselves and their families. In some places where the supply of water is enough, it is found most of the time the water is polluted with virus and bacteria which can form deadly diseases.

Activated sludge (AS) has become one of the most widely used biological wastewater treatment processes. The AS involves the transformation through metabolic processes of dissolved and suspended wastewater substrate, consisting of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, to settlable biological flocs and gases. (Sanin et al., 2006; Semblante et al., 2014). These flocs containing biomass and inorganic matter are settled in secondary sedimentation chambers to produce effluent that has low suspended solids concentration. A portion of the settled sludge is returned to the beginning of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in order to maintain a desirable biomass concentration and process efficiency.

First, control over the discharge can take place at the point of generation within the plant itself. Second, the polluted water can be sent to water treatment plants before it is released into the surrounding water sources. Third, the waste water can be treated within the plant and recycled again, or treated in the plant and released.

Replenishing ground water with waste water can be a health hazard if the waste water is not treated properly. To prevent contamination, the waste water must be treated before it is reintroduced to the ground. Though commonly used in water conservation, the process of replenishing ground water table should incorporate stringent and highest standard of waste water treatment methods. There is growing concern on the use of secondary and tertiary waste water treatment methods in replenishing of ground water table. The two methods employ different techniques of water treatment.

The disposal of untreated wastewater coming from the industries into the water bodies will pollute the water bodies because of its high concentrations. So, the wastewater produced from the industry should be treated properly to meet the permissible limits given by central and state pollution control boards. Therefore it is necessary to treat the wastewater properly with the help of an appropriate treatment plant. However, the treatment plant even though properly planned may not work satisfactory because of several reasons. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the treatment plant considering individual treatment unit in the entire treatment flow. In the present work emphasis has been given to the study of the performance of treatment facilities because of its importance in the conventional treatment of wastewater. Hence, the literature review related to the evaluation of the entire treatment process along with biological treatment process particularly suspended growth process Activated Sludge Process (ASP), attached growth process Trickling Filter (TF) and a combination of the both suspended and attached growth process Hybrid Reactor (HR) is presented in the following sections of this chapter.

Every civilization began around water and our planet consist of around 72% water. But only 2.5% of that is fresh water. The rest of 97.5% is in ocean and sea, which is not used for any human purposes. So, are humans using this 2.5% of water? The answer will be “no” because more than half of this fresh water is intact in the form ice glaciers in poles. Therefore, the role of recycling becomes important here. With the changing hydrological cycle, growing water needs of the population and other industrial sector, recycling of water has become very essential (Frérot & Gurría, 2011). On the other hand, water recycling also has many challenges that are related to the quality, cost, health concerns and public

"Treat the Earth well. It was not given to you by your parents. It was loaned to you by your children."    Kenyan proverb.

The next stage in this journey is where the raw water reaches the inlet at Lochranza Water Treatment Works (WTW) (see fig. 6.). This works was opened in 1999 in order to replace the basic chlorination plant that was in operation since the 1970’s. Lochranza WTW provides high quality drinking water to a combined population of approximately 500 customers in the villages of Lochranza, Catacol and Pirnmill.

Without treatment waste water from both municipal and industrial sources would have a significant impact on the environment, to protect the water environment the waste water must first be appropriately treated and processed. Water comes from many various sources and therefore the pollutants found in the water include a wide array of chemicals and pathogens, that all come with different physical chemistries (Rao, Senthilkumar, et al., 2016, p. 2). Eutrophication is the process in which waters experience excessive inputs of nutrients, namely nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater discharges. Waste water treatment does focus on reducing the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus present in their effluent, as these contribute to nutrient loading in the environment. The combinations of tertiary treatments needed depends on the uses of the water the effluent is discharged into and how sensitive this area is deemed. The municipal waste water treatment process does vary slightly depending on many factors but it is essentially a three stage treatment process (Anand, 2011). The primary treatment stage objectives are to remove organic and inorganic solids through sedimentation and the skimming of materials floating on the surface of the effluent. During the primary treatment some organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus that are associated with solids can be removed (Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations, 1992). Secondary treatment involves bacterial decomposition of both

It is hard to imagine that the planet earth could possibly be experiencing an epic crisis of water deficiency. The earth is made up of 75 percent water. Why, if water is in such abundance, is it such a precious commodity? Some countries have begun to ration water, while others act as if there is an endless supply. The numbers are very deceiving, simply because the water that is in such short supply is fresh water, which is crucial for all aspects of life. According to Wright and Boorse (2005) "About 97.5% of all water is the saltwater of the oceans and seas. The remaining 2.5 percent is freshwater-water with salt content of less than 0.1 percent. This is the water on which most terrestrial biota, ecosystems, and humans depend. Of the 2.5 percent, though, two-thirds is bound up in the polar ice caps and glaciers. Thus, only 0.77 percent of all water is found in lakes, wetlands, rivers, groundwater, biota, soil, and the atmosphere. On a global level the largest amount of water is used for irrigation, nearly 70 percent, while industry uses 20 percent and actual human use is 10 percent.” (page 240) Healthy aquatic ecosystems are essential providers of food and several other important bi-products necessary for life. The world currently faces a water crisis, both of amount and purity, caused by a surge in world population, food production practices, living standards, and industrialization. Improvements in wastewater management have had a vital impact on the