Visual Cliff Experiment Essay

The visual cliff study showed that humans are not born with the ability to discriminate depth perception and we usually develop this ability during infancy. A visual cliff was created using a big glass table that was raised about a foot off the floor. Even though the glass table extends all the way across, the placement of the checker pattern on the floor creates the illusion of a sudden drop-off. The results showed that 3 crawled all the way to the other side to reach their mothers but the remaining 24 cried because they could not

A follow-up question was then asked “when the teacher went to your class, did she put a sticker on your knee?” On the first week trial, some children said that the teacher gave them the sticker and they put the sticker where they wanted. After the eighth week of trial, and asking the same suggestible question to the same children they all answered that the teacher put a sticker on their knee. This is to support the idea that suggestible questioning may in fact affect a child’s memory and lead to false testimonies in court. Stereotypes are also a factor that may contribute to false memories and testimonies. In the documentary, some children can be influenced by what an authority figure tells them about a person, place or thing. There was a case where a mother would always tell her child not to go to one of her child’s friends house because they lived in a trailer park. A person was later on found dead at the trailer park. The child said to her mother that she saw the friend’s father washing his bloody hands in the bathroom. The father was sent to jail and but there was not enough evidence to convict the father so the charges were

As the old adage goes ‘a picture is worth a thousand words’. Often for investigating officers, eye witness testimony and what is seen, is heavily relied on in order to prosecute crimes (Wells and Olsen, 2003). As such eye witness testimony and memory has become one of the most researched areas in Cognitive Psychology. What can be quite disconcerting is that from the research conducted into this

During a child’s early years they observe everything with a tremendous sense of curiosity. Everything is new and exciting to their young brains that their brains absorb everything like a sponge. These early childhood years leading up to school are crucial to a child’s sense of how certain experiences or memories make them feel or react. In the short story We Like Kindergarten written by Clara Cassidy, a little girl named Carol attends her first day of kindergarten. Throughout the story Carol describes different parts of her school day such as her teacher, Miss Hall, playing piano, making clay animals, and doing show and tell. At the end of the book Carol goes home and pretends to be the teacher of her own classroom with her stuffed animals,

In situations like these where children are victims of child abuse, their testimony is the only evidence/witness. The question is how does one know if the child is telling the truth or if she is using her imagination to come up with events that never occurred. In the year of 1994, Pezdek Elsewhere conducted a study about the costs and benefits of weighing children's eyewitness accounts too lightly or too heavily. Suffice it to say here, that weighing children's eyewitness accounts too lightly can result in the perpetuation of child victimization; weighing children's eyewitness accounts too heavily can result in false charges that can permanently destroy families. In light of the dire consequences at both ends of this criterion, it is critical for forensic investigators and the courts to understand the factors that affect children's memory for traumatic events, and to follow procedures that are most likely to maximize the veracity of children's

The subjects were shown a video made by the New Zealand police that show a possible crime and then were interviewed with a premade script based on the interview standards in New Zealand initially and there was also a second free recall interview. They developed a scoring system to evaluate several different factors of the recall such as people, behavior, surroundings. time, and sounds. The scoring system seemed to be quite a robust, and comprehensive system to account for the number of details and the accuracy. Adults could identify the most details and children the least thus adolescents were somewhere in between – however there were no significant differences in the accuracy of the material between children, adolescents, and adults. The authors determined that “eyewitness memory improves gradually across this developmental

Witness testimony is an essential part of court proceedings. Child witness testimony, like that of adult witness testimony can be very instrumental in revealing and portraying the events of a particular case. Over the years, the courts have gone to great lengths to ensure that child witnesses are protected and that their emotional damage is reduced when they do take the stands. Child witness testimony in many cases is just as important as that of adult testimony. Over the years, the use of child as witnesses has evolved in many different ways. This evolution of children witnesses was definitely needed.

The experiment being conducted will prove how and if gender influences pareidolia. Pareidolia is known as “the tendency to perceive a specific, often meaningful image in a random or ambiguous visual pattern”(New Scientist, 2011). It is hypothesized that if a female subject is tested, then the time it takes for the obscurity to

This paper is an observation of children and tying together what is observed in a minimum of eight hours in my 2310 Child Adolescence class. For my service learning hours I spent time babysitting my nephews Jayden and Eli. Jayden is four years old and Eli is two years old. This means the target group of my information I will be focusing on in my paper will be pertain to two and four years old. To obtain my full eight hours of service learning I babysat Jayden and Eli for a whole day from ten o’clock in the morning until they fell asleep, which for them was between nine thirty and ten o’clock. I spent the whole day with both of my nephews, it was raining so we had to stay inside. We did not do many activities throughout the day because it was raining so it seemed to be a good day to watch a movie or two. We watched Land Before Time after they had calmed down after their dad left and played with toys as well. In between naps and making sure their bellies were full, I was able to keep them content in the playroom area of my house. I have spent much time with my nephew, so I am able to give you a brief overview of their personalities. Jayden is a very extroverted child, not shy at all. He has a very big imagination and loves to make up little games with the oddest combination of toys. An example of this would be a contraption he made Jayden took a helicopter and Spiderman and tied Spiderman to the helicopter by a string. He played with this

The child’s mother was asked to call her child to her from different sides. When the mother called from the solid side, children crawled to their mothers happily. However, when the mother called from the cliff side children refuse to crawl toward the mother; some peered down throw the glass and backed away, some patted the glass with their hands with out moving forward, and others just cried because they were unable to reach their mothers with out crossing the cliff. The result of the experiment shows that human infants depend a lot on vision and can “discriminate depth as soon as they can crawl.” Furthermore, some children crawl to the cliff while starring at their mothers on the solid side, and many supported them selves on the cliff side nervously before they “awkwardly” crawl toward the solid side.

We ask if the child feels a loss of control, thoughts of going crazy, or the uneasy feelings they may have in their stomachs. We ask about their temperament toward themselves along with others. Do they hit, threaten, scream, or yell at others because of strong anger and rage? Once these questions are answered we begin to uncover the trauma they may have experienced by asking questions along the lines of loss, triggers, trusting those who took advantage, and the possible shame and guilt the child may feel. The larger amount of questions asked, we gain honest answers and are able to uncover how the child may feel internally. Next, questions concerning power, control, sexual intimidation, and the spreading of lies and rumors are asked. Do they feel more powerful than others? Do they make others feels out of control by making those around them feel weak, afraid, or ashamed? Is sex something used to gain popularity or approval? Do they then spread rumors about others to fit in, feel better, or seem cooler to other children? These are just a few examples of the important questions asked for children and their feelings toward themselves and

The following experiment conducted goes into detail about the influence of gender on pareidolia. Pareidolia is the “tendency to perceive a specific, often meaningful image in a random or ambiguous visual pattern” (Merriam-Webster, 2017). With this in mind, a hypothesis was generated to create a testable experiment. If a female subject is tested, then the time it takes for the obscurity to be found will be decreased when time for finding obscurities is a function of gender. The experiment began by gathering 30 test subjects-- 15 girls and 15 boys. All the subjects ages ranged from 14-18 years of age. Individually, each subject was taken into a quiet room and was given instruction to identify the obscurity within the image as quickly as possible.

“Some Thoughts About Art, America And Jumping Off The Cliff” is an article written by Meredith Monk. Within this article she touches on topics such as the following: Be ready for your next inspiration, when you don’t know something it’s easier to manipulate it and Jumping off the cliff, etc. For starters, “Be ready for your next inspiration” literally means to be prepared for your next adventure. Secondly, Monk says. “When you don’t know something it’s easier to manipulate it” signifies the fact that people will obtain advantage of you if you lack knowledge, experience or resources that they have. Lastly, the metaphor “Jumping off the cliff” is not a literal statement, she doesn’t literally mean jumping off a cliff she simply means take risks and experience life. Most importantly, the two subjects that grasped my attention were Manipulation and the principle of being ready for the next inspiration simply because she provided an exceedingly valid approach for these topics.

The article being summarized is named “Mirror Mirror on the Wall: Increasing Young Children’s Honesty through Inducing Self-Awareness” and is an excerpt from the peer-reviewed scientific journal: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. The article was written by Jasmine Bender, Allison M. O’Connor, and Angela D. Evans and published in the journal in March 2018.

Unfortunately, children have not always told the truth when being interrogated. For instance the famous McMartin (1983) case which was about sexual abuse in a children’s day-care center. Seven teachers were accused of having (sexually) abused hundreds of children. When interrogated, these children reported extremely strange things as having seen dead and burned babies. Real evidence however was absent. When analyzing the way these