Urbs 380 Midterm Study Guide

Moretti states that the economic map follows the three America theory that divides the United States into three different classes. He uses this theory to explain why these disparities occur between regions and their divisional factors. On the one hand, high wages for a skilled and unskilled labor force, on other low levels and declining markets and between the two, undecided cities. In other words, innovative cities, traditional manufacturing regions and in between the towns that can go anyways. What we can observe is that places where highly specialized innovation is predominant, for example where the engineers and designers are, clusters generate for each job created an additional five jobs outside the high technology industry. We can attribute this reason to the dense cluster phenomenon which the multiplier effect of high-tech companies when they are located near each other. The result of creating additional local service jobs increase significantly because people with a high average of wages tend to spend part of their salary on wealthy service. Moretti refers this type of employment as the non-traded sector, to exemplify, it is jobs that only be performed by the local workforce. On the opposite direction, the manufacturing industry

This quiz consist of 20 multiple choice questions and covers the material in chapters 1 through 4. There are five questions from each chapter. Be sure you are in the correct Chapter when you take the quiz.

Urban consolidation is when a population density increases in a suburb by utilising air space by building upwards.

All questions will come from the lectures and the assigned chapters and parts of chapters in the text. The questions will be organized (as shown below) into the same main headings and subheadings used in the Lecture Notes, although some subheadings are different to reflect material covered in the text but not in lectures. Under each heading will be a mix of true-false and multiple-choice questions to be answered on a scantron sheet. For some of the true-false and multiple-choice questions, you also may be

Choose FIVE of these questions. Write complete sentences with correct spelling and grammar. Each answer should be between 3 and 5 sentences. Show evidence of thought. The rubric is on a separate document.

Directions: Use the following questions to help you focus in on what is important to know to answer each of the following chapter objectives. The following terms do not need to be defined as a part of the study guide but you will be better prepared for the exam if you integrate them into your answers below and define (as you go) the ones you know you will forget.

They provide regions of residential development at various indicated building and population densities. These zones are expected to compromise an assortment of housing types and to support the arrangement of housing for all residents. Prevalent automobile ownership and mid-century government policies made low density suburban development possibility. This development frame, generally called sprawl, has turned into the default design for a great deal of development.

Urban sprawl is the rapid expansion in urban areas and includes the migration of the population shifting from rural areas to urban. According to research from the David Suzuki foundation, 80% of the canadian population now lives in urban areas. There are many factors and causes that contribute to why this urbanization and rapid change is occurring. Many of the reasons include the desire to live in the city where there are better living conditions, more job and education opportunities. Also, the lack of planning a city more efficiently is one of the most common reasons for urban sprawl. The more the population grows, the more trouble it begins to have on the people and environment. Urban sprawl comes with many direct and indirect negative effects. The overpopulation of humans means the more use of vehicles, which causes issues like air and water pollution, which has severe effects on the environment and human health. The overconsumption of water is also very serious issue that is linked to the over population and growth in urban areas. The number of people living in an area affects how much water is being consumed and how much of that water is being used efficiently. Lastly, the use of more land due to the high demand of development, and that affecting the wildlife and nature.

“For centuries, probably everyone who has thought about cities at all has noticed that there seems to be some connection between the concentration of people and the specialities they can support” (Jacobs, Jane). Urban density is now

This study also contributes to agglomeration literature. The effects of vertically related partners on location choices have been confirmed by previous studies, but we do not know much about which partners attract market entries. This study tackled the gap by empirically examining the patterns of market entries by North American manufacturers. The finding not only confirmed that the presence of current and potential customers increases market entries(Marshall, 1890;

* Tacit Knowledge - is not easily visible or easily expressed eg. subjective insights, intuitions and hunches

By expanding their markets, firms may be able to enjoy economies of scale, particularly in their manufacturing operations. "To the extent that a firm can standardize its products across country borders and use the same or similar production facilities, thereby coordinating critical resource functions, it is more likely to achieve optimal economies of scale" (Mauri & Phatak 234).

According to Polanyi (1967), tacit knowledge is knowing more than everyone can tell, or knowing how to do something without thinking about it, like riding a bicycle. Tacit knowledge is practical, action-oriented knowledge or ‘‘know-how’’ based on practice, acquired by personal experience, seldom expressed openly, often resembles intuition. He also described it as a local knowledge and one cannot found it in manuals, books, databases or files. Tacit knowledge is technical or cognitive and is made up of mental models, values, beliefs,

As discussed above, it is apparent that knowledge networks play a pivotal role in regional economic growth and innovation, but spread unevenly throughout the territory.

A number of researchers and their findings have suggested that geographic clustering or agglomeration has a positive effect on the performance of high tech firms (reviewed by Wennberg and Lindqvist, 2010). While most studies have looked at firm performance in terms of profitability and private equity investment, others have considered the impact on the local economy in terms of jobs, salaries, tax revenues, and the creation of inter- and intra-industry partnerships.