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Psychology 244 Instructor: L.J. Harris PSYCHOLOGY 244 FINAL EXAMINATION Spring, 2012 Study Guide Organization of Examination and Samples of Questions that could be made into Multiple-Choice and True-False Questions All questions will come from the lectures and the assigned chapters and parts of chapters in the text. The questions will be organized (as shown below) into the same main headings and subheadings used in the Lecture Notes, although some subheadings are different to reflect material covered in the text but not in lectures. Under each heading will be a mix of true-false and multiple-choice questions to be answered on a scantron sheet. For some of the true-false and multiple-choice questions, you also may be …show more content…

11. What are "holophrases"? Can they represent a complete thought? 12. What is meant by the pragmatics of speech and language? 13. Both Piaget and Vygotsky dealt with the topic of egocentric speech, but they had very different interpretations of it. Piaget called it selfish speech; Vygotsky called it private speech. What did each theorist mean, and what would each predict about the development of this kind of speech and about the young child’s ability to use speech and language pragmatically? Whose interpretation does the bulk of the evidence support? Give some examples. # Listening Skills 14. What is known about the development of listening skills? For example, what sort of listening skills are shown by the average 4-year-old children? Would they recognize that a message is ambiguous or problematic? Sample question Which of the following listening skills are normal 4-year-old children ordinarily not capable of? a. recognizing when they do not understand a message b. recognizing that a message is ambiguous c. recognizing that a request is impossible d. recognizing that a request is problematic # Figurative Language 15. What is figurative language? When do children first come to realize that figurative language is not to be understood literally? When do they begin to use figurative language, such as similes and metaphors? D. Theories About How Language is

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