Urban Sprawl And New Urbanism

In chapter 13, Short discusses the change that cities have seen over the years. Most cities have gone through three different urban revolutions. These revolutions have shaped cities into what they are today. Although cities themselves have a similar layouts, urban sprawl has developed differently in different parts of the world. The United States and parts of Latin America, for example, have very different definitions of urban sprawl.

An emerging issue is that of urban sprawl. While some aspects of urban sprawl has been seen since ancient times, this phenomenon has started gaining the most momentum in the past century, aided by the advancement of technology, especially with the rise of mass produced automobiles, houses and highway systems. Many people unknowingly contribute to this environmental problem, as is the nature of it. Urban sprawl deals with the growth of the suburbs, the area between the urban and rural areas of a city. Most of America’s largest cities and states, in terms of population, are prime examples of urban sprawl. Opponents of urban sprawl usually cite the government as a major cause of sprawl. The government may be a major catalyst of

The wellbeing of people is interconnected with the wellbeing of cities. What people think and feel about the city is highly interacted with the civilization and urbanization of the city, yet planning and urban design also play a crucial role in this situation. Cities are where humanity’s innovation, creative and intellectual ideation take place. These potentials that come from human integration is major fact that lead to the success of a

The city was becoming an inhumane place to live and today present different view. We are experiencing the emergence of a new urbanism that, unlike traditional planning does not seek the satisfaction only, of the maximum economic efficiency of a city, where the flow of capital, selling cars, real estate speculation and manufacturing productivity are above the minimum human needs. The "New Urbanism" offers a balanced city, where economic, social and environmental are in the same plane of importance, where humans and their physiological and psychological needs are the starting point of urban planning. The New Urbanism simply proposes a human city; we might well call, planning of the city for the Humans.

Since the Industrialization, cities attracted large amounts of labor force from rural to urban to engage in industries, which changed the structure of cities by increasing huge population. In addition, changing the structure of cities produces lots of problems, such as traffic congestion causes more serious air pollution, and insufficient housing problem; therefore, central cities began to extend the boundaries to desire better living environment to react the problems. However, urban sprawl is not the only one answer to solve the problems, and sprawling cities worse the problems. Thus, some ideas and critiques came out to analysis and solve sprawl, such as emerging smart growth and sustainable development to achieve a better living environment. Urban sprawl is not only affect the living style, such as commuting longer distance and time between workplace and home, but also influence our economic and government decision, for example, the costs of infrastructure in suburban is higher than the maintenance fee of existing infrastructure in city core. As a result, I want to know the history about sprawling, how sprawl affect cities, and how planners and people react to sprawl.

There are many fundamental infrastructures in America that we rely on day to day. When I hear the word infrastructure, the first thing that comes to mind are networks of transportation such as roads, bridges, highways, rails, and airports. But infrastructure is so much more. From the water infrastructure that provides a clean supply of water as well as the removal of water waste, to the generation and distribution of power infrastructure, or even gas for those who need to heat their homes and cook on stoves. All of these have their respective purposes and functions in society, but the focus of this is going to be on the telecommunications infrastructure. The internet is a powerful system and infrastructure that many people and their technology depend on. Even many other infrastructures have the internet woven into its core in order to effectively operate. Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of the world wide web, once said, “I myself feel that it is very important that my ISP supplies internet to my house like the water company supplies water to my house. It supplies connectivity with no strings attached.” Sadly, connectivity to the telecommunications infrastructure is showing symptoms of splintering urbanism in many American cities.

Urbanization or urban sprawl refers to migration of people from urban cities to low density rural areas. This movement of people provided incentives for new development on undeveloped land. Some of the benefits of urban sprawl include new road construction, better schools, more affordable housing, larger park spaces, and smaller communities, in addition to economic growth. Even though there are many benefits of development, there are as well some drawbacks. The need for new roads, housing, and business infrastructure creates a fragmentation in land structure obstructing the movement of wild animals separating their migration areas and blocking their feeding grounds. The new road construction directly affects land conversion rates and loss

First of all, to start building a city an urban pattern has to be established, this will make the city look much more organized and well thought. A pattern can be chosen from a whole list of working patterns for a city. Establishing a grid is a common way of equally distributing the city. However, we want to keep in mind, that important buildings, such as businesses, and government buildings must be accessible to the public, but separated from the rest of the city. We have great examples of grids such as New York City, in New York, United States, or Mississauga City, in Toronto ,Canada. Although, when building from scratch it is not possible to leave aside what has already been built, a city indeed has to adapt to what is already existing, as well as to the new global economy, social and political trends, and new issues that arise in the new era, this also changes the structure and tradition of building and forming urban patterns. Using the existing patterns, combined with new ones, both patterns can collide and make new forms in city blocks. Results vary from city to city, but the essence is the same in all of them; old and new patterns coming together to create unplanned shapes, a new form of Urbanism, based on new and old patterns, aiming to satisfy the needs of the modern world. A great example is New York

As time goes by, people spend more and more money on transportation, either on public transit or on their automobiles. The thing is, as the society develops, there is a phenomenon called suburban sprawl. This means that as the city grows, more and more people will live farther from work, causing people to use their gas vehicles for longer periods of time and more frequently, therefore the cost of transportation starts increasing.

Henry R. Richmond who wrote From Sea to Shining Sea: gives us a good definition: AThe terms Aurban sprawl@ and Asuburbanization@ are often used to describe the continuous out-migration of the American economic and population base from its central citiesYmajor cities are surrounded by seas of low density residential development highlighted byYAEdge Cities@ or Asuburban megacenters@, where commercial, retail, office, and entertainment development has occurred.@ This description describes the trend overtaking rural America. The land that once fed the populace is being used to house the masses. This phenomenon is being met with a variety of opinions - all of them strong one is going to affect us in the most harmful

There is no doubt that United States universities and their outstanding researchers have the best and unique contributions to studies of urban sprawl, and the University of Utah has distinguished faculty staff and researchers at the department of City& metropolitan Planning and the research centers “Metropolitan & population” that provided the field of planning with knowledge through many useful types of research in the field of Planning. I have extensively read many research papers of Professor Reid Ewing that related to urban sprawl, I would benefit to work under his guidance. I believe that I am qualified to study the urban sprawl phenomenon in the right place the University of Utah; I will put my best effort to find a solution to reduce

Urban sprawl and its effects on local finances are a trending topic of investigation nowadays mainly because urban sprawl has been associated with negative consequences to the cost of providing public services. Carruthers and Ulfarsson (2003) affirm that urban sprawl is associated with higher providing cost of public goods because of the considerable levels of investment required to expand basic infrastructure and other public services over greater distances so as to reach relatively smaller number of residents.

Late into the month of October our class discussed the different forms of “sprawl”. The class learned discussed how urban sprawl is often seen as a bad thing because as business move right outside the city limit and begin to build. With these new developments comes possible job opportunities which in return attacks a variety of people. These people are now piling into a new city competing for new jobs , while all having lifestyles that benefit through different things all within the same city. With so many differenced problems tend to arise, and the original business only keep building, adding to the mess. With changes like these the whole community changes as well. Most small cities are not capable of handling extreme traffic, and over at

Recently, people in different displines have vigorously discussed and suggested issues, goals, and principles to create better future settlements to fight against problems of urban sprawl, inner city decline, and suburban developments. As a part of these efforts, several "sustainable" models (e.g., smart growth, new urbanism, sustainable development, resilient community, or etc.) have been proposed and implemented. Please discuss topics below.

Short-haul transport is dominated by the automobile and mass transit. The latter consists of buses in rural and small cities,