Recently, people in different displines have vigorously discussed and suggested issues, goals, and principles to create better future settlements to fight against problems of urban sprawl, inner city decline, and suburban developments. As a part of these efforts, several "sustainable" models (e.g., smart growth, new urbanism, sustainable development, resilient community, or etc.) have been proposed and implemented. Please discuss topics below.
Q 1. Several decades ago, suburban was one of the utopias where people wanted to live. But some things are changing now. What were/are the major causes of the current emergence of "sustainable" models? Please make good arguments based on the history of suburban development, urban sprawl, inner city
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Besides, improved infrastructure and rise in living standard made these suburbs more attractive. So people are willing to sacrifice more commuting time to live in these suburban communities. From development perspective, irrational development overrules reasonably urban planning, and led to unprecedented development in suburbs. Another factor that contributes to urban sprawl is rise in population, the fact that the number of people live in cities exceed the capacity means people have to move out. The last reason could be people’s preference, people want larger homes, more rooms, bigger balconies and bigger lawns, so when it is economically feasible, people will move to suburban.
Some of the negative effects of urban sprawl include increased public expenditure, because to develop these suburbs, the cities have bring more infrastructure and the money usually comes from tax payer. The second is increased traffic, because typical urban sprawl makes commuting time longer, when it lack public transportation, people have to drive more car, it will cause more traffic jam, more air pollution and more auto accidents. The third is health issue, people live in suburbs excise less because they rely on cars to go to groceries, churches etc. The forth problem is
Making sure that there are enough jobs in the region to sustain the needs of urban growth in a growing population.
In Robert Bruegmann article “How Sprawl Got a Bad Name,” he is the odd man out and is for sprawling. One of his reasons throughout is that all the architectures plan for preventing the problem has failed. Bruegmann shows his argument that the economy has these set of expectations for today’s society. The citizens are not really thinking realistically when it comes to those modern expectations. He backs up his point by stating a big crisis of traffic in Los Angeles and how it is not the congestion it is that the programs sit in place are outdated. One of the more convincing reasons of why Bruegmann is supporting sprawl is “that growing numbers of people have discovered that it is the surest way to obtain the rich, satisfying
The industrial element of cities that the rich population ran from in the early part of the 20th century is gone thus the same population in essence is moving back to the suburbs. The violence that once riddled the cities has been in a downward trend which also induces demographic inversion. Walkability is something that is now valued by the middle class who are ditching there long commutes for the sidewalks of the inner city. Lastly the populations whom once found themselves with four walls, a lawn and picket fence have more earning ability and a deeper pocket of savings which is now ground for living in the city. The fundamental truth to all of this is, according to Ehrenhalt, “If some people are coming inside, some people have to be going out” and, the minorities are moving out and the majorities are moving in.
During the 1960’s, the growth of Suburbia increased and helped many Americans. The growing of Suburbia was mainly towards poor non-wealthy people who were struggling to find homes. However, the growth of Suburbia led to Consumers Credit/ Debt, Women living a scheduled life, African Americans not getting a fair share and being segregated, and as well as the GI Bill. Therefore the growth of Suburbia had a negative impact socially on the U.S The increase in the economic growth is a big cause of why Suburbia was created.
Before diving into the relevant action steps, it is important to understand the history that led to this crisis. Thompson (2010), states that after World War II, cities were highly valued and popular until conflict, poverty, and distress led to the demise of these cities; thus increasing the value of suburban
The significance of the suburbs for the development of the United States was crucial in the 1950s. In the 1950s the US was the strongest nation because it was able to thrive in its economy and military powers. Because of the thrive of economy people were able to buy cars and houses outside of the city. Since they had transportation outside of the city. People moved to the outskirts of the city because they had a lot of babies. After world war two was over a lot of Americans had children because of they were happy to find peace and believed that it would last. This era Americans had more employments and the wages were
The third listing for the definition of sprawl in the Merriam-Webster’s dictionary is as follows: “to spread or develop irregularly”. Unfortunately, this is the pattern, or lack thereof, with which America’s development is following. Every single day the world population rises, and these new babies have to live somewhere. Due to the fact that the birth rate is larger than that of the death rate in America (http://www.bartleby.com/151/a24.html), new homes and communities must be developed to accommodate all of the incoming people. This fundamental concept is coupled by another very powerful driving force prompting people to live in the suburbs of America, and that is greed. The economy makes
Through the creation of suburban neighborhoods middle class families have been able to achieve upward mobility. With the creation of suburban neighborhoods in the 1950’s it gave families the opportunities to go out and buy their little piece of the American Dream. The time of poverty from the Great Depression was over as was the second World War and then it was a time that the American Dream was well within reach. However with this outward expansion, for those who could not afford to leave, it also brought about a higher crime rate, as well as lower educational standards in the people living in the inner cities. Today suburban neighborhoods can be seen to have many different stereotypes in the media as well. Suburbia, when it was born
In this weeks’ assignment, my section is to present the major factors for suburban growth after World War II. I will start by discussing the six factors that have contributed to the post –World War II suburban growth. I will then explain the data and conclude thereafter. The first and most important factor is government policies.
An emerging issue is that of urban sprawl. While some aspects of urban sprawl has been seen since ancient times, this phenomenon has started gaining the most momentum in the past century, aided by the advancement of technology, especially with the rise of mass produced automobiles, houses and highway systems. Many people unknowingly contribute to this environmental problem, as is the nature of it. Urban sprawl deals with the growth of the suburbs, the area between the urban and rural areas of a city. Most of America’s largest cities and states, in terms of population, are prime examples of urban sprawl. Opponents of urban sprawl usually cite the government as a major cause of sprawl. The government may be a major catalyst of
The convenience of living in an urban or suburban neighborhood can be appealing to many people. Choosing between areas can sometimes be overwhelming for some individual. People are not only concerned about the safety of a community, but they are also concerned about the environment. Although some neighborhoods might look attractive, people should consider the expense that comes with it, and how commuting will affect them in the long run. Nevertheless, both neighborhoods have their specific advantages and disadvantages. When choosing between an urban or suburban neighborhood, it is important for people to research the community, the expense, and convenience
One of the reasons for sprawling is because of the Industrialization, cars let people to move toward farther place. When cars became affordable, more people moved to rural area to live. Additionally, the federal government policies which helping the middle class to buy the house in suburban area facilitated people to live outside the city.
Urbanization or urban sprawl refers to migration of people from urban cities to low density rural areas. This movement of people provided incentives for new development on undeveloped land. Some of the benefits of urban sprawl include new road construction, better schools, more affordable housing, larger park spaces, and smaller communities, in addition to economic growth. Even though there are many benefits of development, there are as well some drawbacks. The need for new roads, housing, and business infrastructure creates a fragmentation in land structure obstructing the movement of wild animals separating their migration areas and blocking their feeding grounds. The new road construction directly affects land conversion rates and loss
Smart growth is choosing a better way for communities and cities to grow without hurting the environment. “For example, the recently emerged concept smart growth is inviting communities and metropolitan areas to address sprawl and purposely choose to develop in more environmentally sustainable ways. The concept recognizes that growth will occur and focuses on economic, environmental,
Urban sprawl has been often criticized for an inefficient and undesirable growth of cities, due the negative effects that it bears, including increasing traffic congestion and causing environmental harm. Holcombe (1999) defines urban sprawl as the process through which large-scale real estate development occurs in the low-density suburbs and rural regions surrounding the cities. Holcombe