Transtheoretical Model Essay

The majority of people will decide to change their health behavior throughout their lifetime. The reasons for the change might be quite different from individual to individual. Some may be motivated to take action after experiencing a life threatening illness, while others are proactive and change their health behavior to decrease the risks of developing a potential disease. However, even if the reasons for the change are valid and well understood, there is a great possibility that one will not follow set goals long term. Stacy Carter, an assistant of professor and an author of the Social Validity Manual, expresses her opinion about people implementing a scientifically proven health behavior change treatment in their routine, “if it's something that is going to cause them a lot of effort, or is difficult to implement, then they probably are not going to use it for long” (Cranford, 2011). Use number superscript 1

Results Thematically we see two factors influencing the participants motivation for exercise. The first, ‘The Way We Were’ exposes the foundation, upon which Helen’s drive to exercise is built. In this theme we follow her narrative of being overweight and watching her mother make poor choices when it came to health:

There are a wide array of benefits aligned with physical activity and exercise. Exercising can impact a person’s mood and psychological personality as well as improve their immune system and overall wellbeing. Throughout the essay, the psychological benefits of exercise, the benefits of exercise on the human body and the recommended level of physical activity for an average sized adult will be investigated and explained. Exercise is a vital aspect of a person’s daily regime and should be included within all lifestyles.

Exercise means to do a physical activity for the improvement of health and the body. In an over expanding society, this word has been viewed in various lights especially when it is combined with the word cult. The question being asked by society is: is the tribe mentality in the exercise comunity good? Some may argue that being in a supportive group is an essential element of a good exercise program. While there might be reason to believe that, a tribal mentality should not be accepted in the exercise community because it brings antagonistic attitudes and cult-like manners to a certain group.

The transtheoretical model is a widely used concept with the intent of producing a behavioral change of an individual. This model is a gradual process that requires the initiative of the person realize the issue and make steps towards accomplishing his/her goal. This model encompasses six stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination. In the pre-contemplation stage the pregnant/non-pregnant woman has no intent to take action possibly due to unsuccessful attempts in the past or being uninformed (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). A pregnant or non-pregnant woman in the pre-contemplation stage may have a strong addiction to smoking and engages in the behavior as a coping

The Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change (TTM) is a model of intentional change that emerged from a comparative analysis of leading theories of behaviour change and psychotherapy. The TTM is guided by a set of assumptions with the primary assumptions supposing that individuals move through stages of change and the challenges and processes one experiences differ at each given stage. This appraisal will outline the five core constructs of this model, highlighting one key strength and limitation that has been identified and conclude with a critical analysis of the models utility to inform and address behaviour change.

been taking much place in people’s lives. Physical activity is an action which requires an

Many find it interesting how the media portrays exercising and dieting. America’s concern about obesity has shocked many organizations, programs, and citizens to take demand. Most seems to know how to take action, for example, they know to monitor calorie intake and exercise daily. However, these ideas have been slower to reinforce. The print media have a big part in this because the consumers read about the actions taken by models and they try to also reinforce those things but, it does not give the consumers the results they hope for, so there is often lost hope. Many think that because the text states that physical activity is the same as working out. Physical Activity is defined as “any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure.” Exercising is defined as “physical activity that is done in order to become stronger and healthier.” Colleagues at The National Academies stated that there has been an overall decrease in physical activity during the past half century in the United States.

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There was no blinding in this study. Both groups, the participation group and the nonadherence group, were formed naturally by the subjects. Women who engaged in exercise infrequently were not included in this study due to inconsistent exercise performance, which would make it increasingly difficult to gather accurate data. There were several limitations in this study. There was below-average reliability amongst the group adherence measurements. Therefore, the data obtained should be examined carefully. Since this study was descriptive, the participants were not randomly assigned to specific groups. Lastly, since motivation was not measured before the study began, it is not known if the levels of exercise

It is irrefutable that the formulation of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), has efficaciously contributed to current perspectives in health psychology, allowing for a greater understanding in facilitating healthy behaviour change (Adam & White, 2003). TTM is a comprehensive six-stage theory which logically describes behaviour change as a process rather than a single event, providing the pathway to a more enduring and successful outcome (Adam & White, 2003; Prochaska, 2008). These stages include: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance, which occur cyclically in the event of relapses, until temptation is no longer present, resulting in termination (Marshall & Biddle, 2001; Prochaska, 2008).

Those against mandatory exercise say that if students feel it is important to exercise they will create a program of physical activity on their own and it does not need to be a part of the school. The problem with this theory is that the majority of people would stop the program if left on their own without any sort of accountability. For example, a study was done on several different exercise plans to see what results would happen over time. First the theoretical approach of self-monitoring was used. This program left individuals to attend exercise sessions on their own without any intervention from others. The overall observation was that interest in attending and exercising was lost after about four weeks. Next the approach of stages of change was used. This program used four different groups. One group received weekly calls with structured inquiry to see how and when the subjects were personally exercising. The second group received weekly calls with general inquiries about their exercise habits. The third group received a call every three weeks with general inquiries of exercise, and the last group received calls every three weeks with structured inquiries. The results were, that 63% of the subjects who were called more frequently were regularly exercising as opposed to only the 22% exercising success rate of those that were called less frequently. Also those called with the structured

Research shows that a lack of self confidence in ability to perform a particular exercise or workout can be a major deterrent in starting any type of fitness program. This sense of self-efficacy is a psychological barrier that affects the ability to self-motivate. The fear of ridicule at an inability to execute the workout properly has a negative effect on self-worth and self-esteem. A feeling of not being able to follow through with a long term program is also a result of low self-efficacy. Having a fear of not being able

Exercise is one of the most important factors in a persons’ life. Physical activity, or the lack of it, can result in a person having a healthy life or cause them to have diabetes. The benefits of exercise are countless. The positive health results, the improvement in attitude, even better academic performance are all factors which make not exercising inexcusable.

It is difficult to change my own behavior sometime, and it is more complex to changes other someone’s behavior and to forecast their intervention, knowing these attitude can be as significant as significant the person’s attitudes. Positive approach in the direction of physical activity (PA) was strapping predictors of PA linked with being PA and less inactive. Nevertheless, physically powerful adult to do exercise was not linked with real behavior. Interactive debate during focus groups unraveled approach and barrier power PA behavior. Doing PA to sense good quality and to like themselves was extra important for young population than the ordinary supposition of ‘winning’ and