Tourette Syndrome Research Paper

Tourette syndrome is a disorder that is found in the nervous system and is most commonly found in children. Forms of Tourette’s can range from being severe to being mild, causing people to have motor or vocal tics. “Other symptoms such as the expression of socially inappropriate comments or behaviors, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit disorder, self-injuring behavior, depression, and anxiety also appear to be associated with Tourette syndrome” (Tourette syndrome, 1). Tourette’s mainly affects children and teens. It occurs less as you get older. During the late teen years, the severity of Tourette’s decreases. “Some of the suggested risk factors include severe psychological trauma, recurrent daily stresses, extreme emotional excitement, PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder with streptococcal infection), and drug abuse” (Tourette syndrome, 1). Tourette’s can effect someone negatively, due to some of the actions that can occur. People misunderstand people with Tourette’s,

Asperger’s syndrome, which is also referred to as Asperger's disorder, is a type of Persuasive Developmental Disorder. Persuasive Developmental Disorder or PDD are a group of conditions that involve delays in the development of basic skills, the most recognizable of these skills is the ability to communicate and socialize with others as well as use their own imagination. Although Asperger's syndrome is similar in some ways to autism, there are important differences between the two. Children with Asperger's syndrome typically function higher than those children with autism. In addition to them being higher functioning; children with Asperger's syndrome generally have normal intelligence and slightly less than normal language development.

Signs of the disease generally take longer to show up, happening from the teen years to mid- late twenties, and possibly even later than that.

The main symptoms of Tourette syndrome are tics, involuntary muscle movements (Bjorklund 12). Although unpredictable, tics are more likely to happen when people are sick or anxious (20). The two types of tics, physical and vocal, can range from mild to severe (12). Mild vocal tics include: spitting, sneezing, throat clearing, coughing, sniffing, and grunting. There are mild physical tics also such as sticking out the tongue (21), shoulder shrugging, eye blinking, and head twitching (20). Tourette syndrome is most often inherited genetically. Tourette’s is a result of a genetic mutation in the brain’s basal ganglia or from a gene mutation in the cerebral cortex of the brain. Scientists also believe this disease can be a result of environmental factors (12). People can get Tourette syndrome from a brain injury or bacterial infections (38).

Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder first described by a French physician named Georges Gilles de la Tourette, in 1885. Tourette syndrome (TS) consists of varies abrupt, rapid, involuntary, and repeated movements or vocal sounds, known as tics. “Until 1970, TS was frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy, or nervous habits,” concluding that this mental disorder is extremely rare and has similar characteristics as other mental disorders (Kahn and Fawcett 375). Since there is no specific test that can diagnose TS, doctors have to rely on a person’s behaviors and personal history to identify the disorder. About one person in two thousand people is likely to have TS; additionally males are four

This literature review is focused on the characteristics, prevention, assessment, and intervention of TCS. An assortment of different sources were utilized in the collection of information regarding these areas, including journal articles, texts, and websites. Though, texts and web information were both used in a limited capacity. The literature review specifically focuses on the effect the syndrome has on the speech and language of affected individuals.

There are some different types of the disease which affect on different area of the body. For some patients, the disease may appears on their early childhood ages while other patients might not show anything until their late teenager and early adult ages.

Dr. say there are many types of Tourette's, in motor Tourette's there are uncontrollable movements like eye blinking, shoulder shrugging, head jerking, and many other body movements. Vocal tics would be one like humming, whistling, throat clearing, or sniffing. This sort of disability lasts up to 6 to 7 years. A lot of the first symptoms start in the facial area and later on move to tics in the arms or legs, and males are 3 to 4 times likely to have Tourette's than

Professional interventions for Tourette’s disorder can include the use of medications and what social workers or other helping professionals use. For instance, even though medications cannot cure the disorder, it can help reduce the symptoms (Berlin, n.d.). Some of these medications include Haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine (Berlin, n.d.). Often the medications that are used to treat the symptoms are first administered in small dosages and increases steadily until maximum benefit and improvement of symptoms are accomplished (Collins, 2005). It is important to keep in mind that there are some side effects to taking these kinds of medications including weight gain, dry mouth, muscular rigidity, and social withdrawal (Collins, 2005). From

The causes of Tourette and other Tic Disorders are still unknown. The said conditions are hereditary and so genetics clearly play a role in many, if not most or all, occurrences of the conditions. The environment might also contribute for its development but up until now, no specific agent or event has been identified. Therefore, TS and Tic Disorders are likely to be caused by complex interactions between genetic and other factors which may vary in different individuals. Studies are underway to find the genes and other factors underlying the development of these

Tourette Syndrome (TS), first described by Gilles de la Tourette, can be the most debilitating of the tic disorders and is characterized by multiform, frequently changing motor and vocal or phonic tics. There are multiple diagnostic criteria, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV.

Early symptoms of Tourette syndrome occur in children at around 3 and 9 years and occur in equal percentages in all ethnic groups. However, TS occurs more often in males than females with over 200,000 Americans having severe TS. The reason for this is because the syndrome is a dominant trait genetically passed down on the X chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, they are more likely to have it than females, specifically three times more likely. Even though TS is chronic, most people who are diagnosed early can live a more improved lifestyle for the rest of their lives.

Tourette’s, also called TS, is a genetic disorder with correspondence to the nervous system that starts in childhood and can last for years or be lifelong. It is mainly characterized by tics, uncontrollable repetitive actions or unwarranted noises, like nonstop blinking or the exclamation of belligerent slurs, usually against will. The most affected are those ages six to forty, and it is more common in males; hereditary-wise, at-risk males are more likely to have TS than at-risk females. It reaches over 200,000 people in the United States per year, and is habitually self-diagnosable, with vast behavioral, muscular, and mood-changing effects. Despite the fact that it has no cure, treatments such as antipsychotic medication and cognitive psychological therapies can help to improve greatly. A key way to seek help for TS is to consult a specialist fit for the patient, whether it be a pediatrician, an age appropriate psychiatrist, or a highly qualified neurologist for optimum help.

They are Tourette syndrome, Persistent (Chronic) motor or vocal disorder, and Provisional Tic Disorder. For Tourette syndrome in order for anyone to be diagnosed with it, he or she must have: two or more motor tics (for example, blinking or shrugging the shoulders) and at least one vocal tic (for example, humming, clearing the throat, or yelling out a word or phrase), although they might not always happen at the same time, Tics that may have lasted for at least a year, when the tics can occur many times a day nearly every day, or off and on, tics that begin before he or she is 18 years of age, symptoms that are not due to taking medicine or other drugs or due to having another medical condition (for example, seizures, Huntington disease, or post viral

Throughout the movie, Brad got into plenty of trouble because of the tourette syndrome. For example, on his way to a interview for a teaching job, Brad got caught by the cops for speeding. While the cop