Topeka Trip

Starting in the 1950’s the NAACP began a campaign against the separate but equal laws, they brought a number of class action suites against the school boards, one of those suites being Brown v. Board of Education. Oliver Brown filed suite on behalf of his child, he claimed that Topeka school violated the Constitution's Equal Protection Clause. The case was brought to the federal district court but was thrown out on the grounds that the segregated public schools were "substantially" equal enough to be constitutional under the Plessy doctrine.

The book “Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy” by James T. Patterson is about the struggles leading up to the fight for the desegregations of public schools and the outcomes. The struggles accelerated to civil rights movement in the 1950s. Patterson describes in details about the difficult road to the Supreme Court, the outcome of the Supreme Court decision, the resistance by whites people, especially in the Deep South and the struggles to implement the challenging transition. Discriminatory practices were apparent in the United States but it was a lot worse in the Southern States. The Jim Crow Law mandated the segregation of public schools, public places, public transportations, restrooms, restaurants,

When laborers had unjust working conditions, they went on strike, when women wanted to vote, they marched and rallied, when slaves wanted to be freed, they fought alongside the Union and defeated the confederation. Respectively, when New Rochelle parents wanted equality and justice for their children they too fought a war; against the Board of Education. They boycotted the Lincoln school by not sending their children to school in a result of 176 absent students for that day(Doc.25). The families and civil rights activist protested by holding sit ins at other schools in the district such as ward(Docs.17,18) and, they even telegraphed a formal complaint to the board stating the consequences of the segregation of Lincoln school. Lastly like most of the before mentioned marginalized groups of people they too took civil action in court, even though there was a clear statute present in the federal supreme court. On January 24, 1961 Judge Irving R. Kaufman heard the case of Taylor v. Board of Education. The case was represented by Paul Zuber with support of the NAACP against the Board of Education. The suit was to restrain the Board of Education from proceeding with the construction of a new school, and to allow negro students to register in any school that isn’t racially segregated and from requiring the students to register and attend a school that is segregated(Doc.20). The final decision found that the Board of Education had intentionally maintained the Lincoln elementary school segregated and had not fulfilled its duty in good faith to implement desegregation as established by the Fourteenth amendment(Doc.23). The decision would later be upheld in the 2nd circuit court of appeals and denied for appeal by the supreme

The supreme court case of Brown v.s. Board of Education was taken place at Topeka, Kansas in 1954. At the time America was slowly becoming more integrated, but we weren’t quite there yet. Many people at the time didn’t really like the idea of blacks and whites in one school, but the NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was trying to change that. The NAACP was focusing most of their attention on helping blacks get an equal education, which lead to interigrated schools. In the supreme court case Brown v.s. Board of Education, there was a little brown girl named Linda Brown and she was in third grade.

With all that said and done, segregation continued on until 1954 when the legendary Brown vs. Board of Education court case was brought to light. In this case five different representatives were brought to argue their case to the Supreme Court about how segregation should not be legal within schools. This class-action lawsuit was filed by the NAACP, the National

Public schools across our nation, up until 1954 were all segregated schools, meaning that whites had their own campus and blacks had another campus. With the ruling decision of Brown vs. Board of education, it established that separate was not equal, and African Americans were being deprived of an equal opportunity at an education. Prior to Brown vs. Board of Education, there were five other cases that were heard by the Supreme Court. These other cases were: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis

They had the right to be equal in everything, including where they learned. They had struggles they faced, they didn't have to face in white schools. The whole reason any of this even happened was because the students in both schools were supposed to be treated equally, as so stated in the Constitution. Parents of the students in the black schools were very upset about how their students were being treated in such settings. It was very unfair and violating the Constitution as it states. All students black or white should be treated equally. At one point in history, Governor Wallace said that no black student should ever be allowed into public schools. This was basically saying that African Americans were and always would be inferior to white people. This is one of the reasons many people wanted to take to the school and show them how unfairly their children were being

More specifically, because schools were segregated black students did not receive the same equal education as white students did. In fact, that reasoning is what led to the Brown vs. Board of education case. The Brown vs. Board of Education case took place in the mid-1950s. It was a case established by the supreme court that focused primarily on school desegregation. In 1954, due to the amount of evidence, the supreme court had no choice but to admit to the fact that racial segregation indeed violated the fourteenth amendment. “The court's decision declared, “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” “Separate but equal” was made unconstitutional” (Reading #13, Page 2). This quote substantially touches on the fact that whites finally began to realize how serious, and vital unequal education was for blacks. The Brown vs. Board of Education was truly a significant case because it overturned the principle of “separate but equal,” in which was established by the plessy vs. Ferguson

The Brown V. Board of Education was one of the biggest rulings that was made in the United States still to this day. After the slaves were given rights which happened because of emancipation proclamation many of the African American child were still going to all black schools. Over some time the Supreme Court ruled that black and white students are separate but equal. This means that black students had the same rights but they had to be in a different school than white students. The biggest problems of school separation occurred in the south. There was then a case, Brown V. Board of Education, that called school segregation unconditional. Many of the Governors from southern states rejected the ruling. When looking at the article that had changed

In 1951 schools were separated by skin color, or segregated. The Brown v. Board of Education trial was brought to court because a third-grader, Linda Brown, was not allowed to attend the elementary school that was closest to her house. She wa required to take the bus to school across town instead. In the trial the point that “Education for Negroes is almost nonexistent(13).” This is an example of how there were old problems in the Fourteenth Amendment that needed to be changed. Another issue that was brought up in the trial was that, “Segregation… has a tendency to retard the educational and mental development of negro children…(19).” Without the proper education at segregated

In the late 1940s, lawyers for the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) argued a series of cases before the supreme court. In the Brown vs. Board Education of Topeka, Kansas court case, the court ruled on May 17, 1954 that having separate schools for blacks and whites was very unconstitutional. Imagine going to a school about 2 miles away from your house when there is a school a couple of blocks from you house but you can't since it's a white school. That's what many African American children faced.

Throughout American history, schools have been segregated by race due to a common idea in society that although schools are separate they are still equal. Regardless of this belief, schools across the country were far from equal. Certain states made it illegal for black people to get an education resulting in most of them being illiterate. Plessy Vs. Ferguson created the idea of separate but equal in 1896, but doctrine was overturned in 1954 by the controversial Brown Vs. Board decision, resulting in the beginning of a new change that would be made in American schools. This decision is a symbolic moment in the history of American education because the shift in schools. The decision is still fundamental today due to the fact that segregation has now become about issues such as gender, sexual orientation, religion, and not just race. It is vital to understand this concept of segregation in schools so teachers can learn how to avoid segregation resulting in an inclusive class.

In 1954, the supreme court said that black can go to school with whites. The south declined. The south was willing to disobey the supreme court ruling by continuing segregation in the schools. In the late 1900s the battle of the civil rights will begin in the classroom in the case Brown vs Board of education. Brown vs Board of education is a case reserved by Kansas in which the court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. White schools [students] believed that using the tactic of violence will keep black children in black schools. At first it seemed as if the federal government will not intervene. The

School is an environment where children, whether they are white or black, come to learn and enjoy being with their friends. School segregation shows that inequality and injustice are clearly obvious. The laws that were made are unfair because of how they portray the amount of fundings and equipment are given to all-white schools rather than all-black schools. The decision that the supreme court made called the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, was an attempt to outlaw segregation in schools. Many people tried to condemn the movement which sometimes led to violence. Segregation in schools make it harder for many black people to reach success in their life. Without the proper education and freedom to become what you want is an unfair advantage for white people to reach such high levels of success. All people should have the right to have a proper education and have the opportunity to become successful. This can only happen if segregation is

We woke up knowing this was the last day of our tour and it will not be an overly exciting one, as we are driving to Denver Airport which will take a big chunk of the day with nothing much to see in between. We finished off the cereal box and made our way to the coach for a group photo, I gave my camera to one the hotel employees but he didn't know where to push the button and we miss out, Brad emailed us another photo. About 10 or so seats were empty as some were going to Rapid City so we could spread out a little bit. Not far out of Keystone I noticed we had driven past Crazy Horse Memorial and quickly told Allyson to look out the window behind her, it was only last glimpse but still very special. To make the time pass a little quicker