There is such a thing as universality of human rights that is different from cultural relativism,

“Ideas about human rights have evolved over many centuries. But they achieved strong international support following the Holocaust and World War II. To protect future generations from a repeat of these horrors, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948 and invited states to sign and ratify it”

Basic human rights is an ideal that has been discussed for centuries, but yet is and has been a problem all of these years. Because Germany stripped Jews of these rights, the world witnessed one of the biggest tragedies in the world. Germany named this event the Holocaust, a mass extermination of over 5 million Jews. After this bitter time was over, world leaders then came together and developed a document called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to ensure the world would never experience something so horrid ever again; to protect future Jews and the entirety of the human race.

During the Holocaust, over six million Jews were horribly murdered, starved, burned, and ripped of their humanity and rights as a human. Unfortunately it wasn’t until after the Holocaust when the United Nations came up with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that every single human being has their own rights that should never be violated. From having the right to life and liberty, to no torture, and even being equal to the law without discrimination.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been translated and written in over 500 more languages. It is also a historic document written at the end of the II World

No other countries up until the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, formed by the United Nations in 1948, could agree on the rights of man for all citizens of the planet, whether it had to do with religious opinion, overall dispute or racial and gender prejudice. The biggest steps towards establishing human rights could be considered the labor unions that started to establish themselves in the 20th century in Western Europe and North America. But then after the Second World War ended, people started to notice that someone needed to be punished for the mass murders, medical experimentation and the list of many more crimes committed during the treacherous war .

The idea that there are rights that are applicable to all of humanity originated during the eighteenth century in the Enlightenment and the American and French Revolutions. The atrocities committed during World War II, as well as the Four Freedoms, forcefully raised the issue of human rights in the postwar world. The victorious Allies put numerous German officials on trial before special courts at Nuremberg for crimes against humanity. This was the first time that individuals were held directly accountable to the international community for violation of human rights. The trials ended up sentencing many Nazi officials to prison terms and the execution of ten leaders. In 1948, the UN General Assembly approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It identified a broad range of rights to be enjoyed by people everywhere, including freedom of speech, religious toleration, and protection against arbitrary government, as well as social and economic entitlements like the right to an adequate standard of living and access to housing, education, and medical care. The document had no enforcement mechanism. However, it set the core principle that a nation’s treatment of its own citizens should be subject to outside evaluation. This slowly became part of the language in which freedom was discussed. After the Cold War ended, the idea of human rights played an increasingly prominent role in world affairs, but during the 1950s, Cold War imperatives shaped the

Renowned Zimbabwean revolutionary Robert Mugabe states, “Cooperation and respect for each other will advance the course of human rights worldwide. Confrontation, vilification, and double standards will not.” This quote vocalizes what human rights are and the steps necessary for liberty. However, this set of rights are constantly in violation of mankind itself in innumerable instances. The most evident event that violated these rights is the Holocaust in World War II. This Holocaust was the persecution of Jews and people deemed “unfit” by Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party during the nineteen thirties and forties. Though this catastrophic event caught the attention of the world, this is not the only time in history human rights being in violation. The Japanese effort in World War II to create biological weapons for the war is another example of human rights being taken away by mankind. After this war, the United Nations created a “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”, Article Five stating, “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”

The udhr was created by the united nations after world war two, the purpose of the document was that it was to provide clear evidence of what rights we have as humans, protection against genocide is one of many included human rights, although not all countries agreed with the document and didn’t sign it. Australia did along with many countries.

Having human rights in place imposes certain obligations on the government and justifies the complaints of those whose rights and freedoms have not been respected. Everyone is entitled to human rights regardless of their nationality, gender, race, religion, or political opinion. The failure to recognize these rights results in conflict and a vicious cycle of violence as more human rights are violated. To avoid such clashes, human rights have become a fundamental part of global law and policy. However, they have not always been that way. Catastrophic events in history that claimed thousands of lives ran their vicious course before it was recognized that there had to be human rights established. The most famous example of genocide is the Holocaust, which killed around six million Jews. After the Holocaust, the United Nations recognized that there had to be human rights put into place. Two human rights from the United Nations’ “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” that were perversely violated during the Holocaust are Article 5 (the protection against inhumane treatment or punishment) and Article 25 (the right to a standard of living.) Light is shed upon the exploitation of human rights during the Holocaust in both Night by Elie Wiesel and The Sunflower: On the Possibilities and Limits of Forgiveness by Simon Wiesenthal. The Holocaust was a devastating event that opened our eyes to just how cruel humans can be, and why human rights must be enforced and protected.

Being an AED member means that I am surrounding myself with people who are on the same path as me. It means that I am with friends who are facing the same goal and struggles that I have to go through. This will be a society of people who can not only help me when I am down, but they can also guide me in my endeavors. I know that being around a class of people who share common interests will also help me broaden my horizons on the health field. It’s about a cluster of like-minded fellows who share the same desires of going to medical school and making our mark on humanity. To be within a faction that cares about the medical field and those who face medical struggles. Being a member of this community will also help me to be able to become an

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a universal document that is likely acceptable and applicable for everyone. The UDHR identifies basic human rights that are based on the theory of Universalism. On the other hand, relativist claims that human rights are culturally dependent, and that no moral values can be made to apply to all cultures. Second notion is the UDHR are product of western political perspectives, such as Magna Carta of the UK, the American Bill of Rights, and the French revolution. Looking at these different theories about relativism from the Kevin Avruch's piece of reading, I believe that all three forms of relativism (descriptive, normative, and epistemic) contradicts the claim by the principles of the UDHR.

The United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights stands as the current gold standard for every individual’s rights. Focusing on culture, one may see that cultural rights are not clearly defined and are oftentimes in conflict with other types of rights. In this paper, I will first discuss the United Nations’ use of ‘cultural’ in its universal human rights in relation to the concept of cultural relativism. Then, using South African and American practices, such as virginity testing and discriminatory criminal justice system respectively, I will describe and analyze practices violate the UN’s universal human rights in addition to the practices’ use for the community or society as a whole. Lastly, I will compare the American Anthropological Association’s rights to culture to the UN’s universal human rights by analyzing the limitations of each.

Human rights are rights innate to every single individual, whatever our nationality, where you live, sex, national or ethnic birthplace, color of skin, religion, dialect/language, and many more. We are all similarly qualified for our human rights without segregation. These rights are altogether interrelated, associated and resolute. Widespread human rights are regularly communicated and ensured by law, in the types of treaties, standard global law, general standards and different wellsprings of international. International human rights law sets down commitments of Governments to act in certain routes or to cease from specific acts, keeping in mind the end goal to advance and secure human rights and central flexibilities of people or

The doctrine of human rights were created to protect every single human regardless of race, gender, sex, nationality, sexual orientation and other differences. It is based on human dignity and the belief that no one has the right to take this away from another human being. The doctrine states that every ‘man’ has inalienable rights of equality, but is this true? Are human rights universal? Whether human rights are universal has been debated for decades. There have been individuals and even countries that oppose the idea that human rights are for everybody. This argument shall be investigated in this essay, by: exploring definitions and history on human rights, debating on whether it is universal while providing examples and background

The author has made it clear that this is a debatable issue. The cultural relativist argued on the universality of human rights, which contradicts with the statement that human rights are those held simply by virtue of being human and whose substance, form and interpretation are not subject to variations in culture (Donnelly 1989: 109-110). Cultural relativist uphold that culture is the principle source of any rights or rules, they argued that the existence of