2.12 STRATEGY AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION
2.13 Introduction: The definition of the strategy and its determination
The roots of the concept of strategy in war go back centuries, including Sun Tzu 500 BC and Karl von Clausewitz 18th century. From, which an historical body of literature was established in business sciences and business management, including and the concept of "competitive advantage" created by Michael Porter has strongly criticised this development firmly in his article (1996) by saying “that the operational efficiency or tactical decision making on strategy”.
According to McKiernan, 1997; Mintzberg et al., 1998a, Stonehouse et al., 2004 strategy is, above all, the "ways to help a Company seeking their goals". Kaplan and Norton
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This plan should be communicated from the board of the Company down to the operational managers and thereafter to everybody in the Company. That is why the so-called strategic plan is made as a formal statement of director’s plans (Govindarajan & Anthony, 2001).The process of deciding on an organisation’s strategic plans, the approximate resources and requirements that will be allocated to each program as part of the plan over the next several years is called strategic planning (Govindarajan & Anthony, 2001). In addition, the strategic plan helps the organisation to reach their goals and objectives by formulating the strategy of the company (Govindarajan & Anthony, 2001).
For example, CT has six different levels of strategy that can be thought of as (see Figure 2). The relationship to the thesis of the following three levels; the owner of the strategy, the group and the business strategy (Figure 4) is explained in more detail below.
2.15 Owner strategy
For privately owned companies, the Owner involvement in strategy is a fundamental requirement. In this case for example participation in an ownership leadership style that supports the learning, innovation and operation (Pemberton, Stonehouse, 2004 and Francis, 2002), as well as the exit from the organisation.
2.16 Group strategy
Corporate strategy is required when there are two or more Companies with more than one business unit each. The Company 's strategy is more than the sum of the
Strategy is a set of complicated tactics formulated by the executives of a company directed towards the achievement of company’s goal (Salmela, 2002). It is about all the path ways that a company would follow to reach its ultimate goal. It is a company’s strategy which helps to identify what it does better than the other companies in the industries, which may be different from what it does best. For successful strategy formulation and implementation, a company should know the needs of customers and should have knowledge of its competitors. Through a good strategy a company would identify that opportunity which makes it different from the others (Thompson, 2005).
Strategic planning within a company is a tool used in companies that help mature areas in total quality management. This type of planning creates a cohesive management system for lower level employees to better adapt in. “Strategic planning determines where an organization is going over the next year or more and how it 's going to get there. Typically, the process is organization-wide, or focused on a major function such as a division, department or other major function”(McNamara, 2008). In order to plan effectively one must first make a clear assessment of the plan and have an analysis on the corporations mission statement and objective.
2-3). These categories are tools which management must become familiar with in order to shape the decisions and behaviors of their organizations to ensure success and growth. The first category is strategy, which is usually addressed first since it focuses on the direction that the company would like to head in (Kates & Galbraith, 2007). A company’s strategy outlines its goals and objectives that it would like to achieve; this is normally reflected in the company’s vision and mission statements. Structure, the second category, determines where formal power and authority are located in the organization. Typically, this category is described as being a “hierarchy” since it determines who comes into contact with whom (Kates & Galbraith, 2007). The third category, processes, incorporates both vertical and lateral movements. Vertical processes usually involve business planning and budgeting processes since the scarce resources of funds and talent are being allocated. In this process, the needs of different departments within the organization are collected and decisions on what takes priority is made for the budgeting and allocation of the resources (Kates & Galbraith, 2007). Lateral processes, on the other hand, are essentially designed around the workflow such as product development.
Strategic planning can dictate the success of any organization if properly planned as well as the failure of an organization if not implemented as planned. Strategic planning is all about making choices. It is a process designed to support leaders in being intentional about their goals and methods. Simply stated, strategic planning is a management tool, and like any management tool, it is used for one purpose only—to help an organization do a better job. This portion of the strategic plan will explain why an
Strategy formulation are decisions made by a company reading investments, commitments and other operation that create and sustain a competitive advantage (Dess, McNamara, & Eisner, 2016, p. 14). Strategy formulation has several levels. The levels are the business-level, the corporate-level, internal strategy and effective entrepreneurial initiatives strategy. The business-level strategy focuses on how to compete in the industry to attain competitive advantage. The corporate-level strategy focuses on what business to compete in and how to achieve synergy (Dess, McNamara, & Eisner, 2016, p. 14). StilSim Personal’s current line of business consists of permanent placement employees. Most placements consist of low level staff
Strategic Planning is the process of developing and maintaining a strategic fit between the organizations goals and capabilities as well as emerging market conditions and opportunities. This process begins with a clear company mission statement. However, this is only a small piece of a dynamic and perpetual process. Other activities involved with strategic planning also include setting supporting organizational objectives, designing a sound product mix as well as coordinating functional strategies. Strategic planning works to set the groundwork for the rest of the subsidiary planning functions in the company.
Corporate level: where top management directs overall strategy for the entire organization, this is usually the board of directors and senior management officers.
According to Slack et al. The corporate strategy or business strategy is the guide lines for the whole corporation’s businesses in relation to its markets, customers, and the competitors (2007). In the same context, the same authors discussed the link between the corporate strategy and
Strategic Planning is one of the most fundamental factors in the success of an organization. This research project will discuss the importance of strategic planning as well as the different components of strategic planning. Many organizations fail to accomplish their goals and tasks due to the lacking of strategic planning. In order for their businesses to be successful, organizations need to be well informed about how the strategic planning process works.
Corporate Strategy has been defined by numerous authors. Grant (1995) claims corporate strategy deals with the way a corporation manages a number of different businesses. Lynch, R, in both his third and fourth edition books on corporate strategy refers to Penrose (1959) definition of corporate strategy as “the pattern of major objectives, purposes or goals and essential polices or plans for achieving those goals, stated in such a way as to define what business the company is in or to be in and the kind of company it is or to be”
(To make a summary of the article while answering the question, the answer directly related to the questions are highlighted )
Alfred Chandler(1963) defines strategy as ‘ the determination of the long-run goals and objectives of an enterprise and the adoption of courses of action of an enterprise and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals’. And Michael porter(1996) sees it as ‘Competitive strategy is about being different. It means deliberately choosing different set of activities to deliver a unique mix of value’.
Strategy can be defined as being different from one’s competitors, finding the race to operate and accomplished it. According to Michael Porter (1996), while becoming better at what you do is desirable, it will not benefit you in the long run because it is something other competitors can also do. Strategies for organizations are originally developed by Michael E. Porter in 1979 by introducing the five forces model. A company can identify the industry profitability and attractiveness by analyzing the five forces of Porter (Johnson et al., 2008). And then a reasonable strategy can be set up in line with the strengths and the weakness of an organization is able to create a plan for a stronger position for the organization within its
According to Porter, strategies allow organizations to gain competitive advantage from three different bases: cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Porter calls these bases as generic strategies.
Johnson, Wittington, Scholes, Angwin and Regnér (2014, p. 3) defines strategy as ‘the long-term direction of an organisation’.