The Ontological Files

Bi et al \cite{Rec:Bi} provides ranked related entities to the user query along with the results of the main entity. In order to do this, this articles makes use of user's search history, click history and knowledge base. A matrix is created comprising of the user information which connects to the entities along with the ranking, click results. A tri-linear function\cite{Rec:Bi} is defined mapping these details and which will be used to rank the related entities

Here we discuss about the common traits or ideas observed in the three research topics. Although, these three papers discuss about different ideas, they all fall under the web data mining domain. web data mining is a hot research topic in the current realm of big data. These papers discuss about the utilisation of the valuable user generated data from the social media or the the browser cookies to provide the best user experience in order to maintain the user interest in the company's product or to take effective decisions by the individual.

Its second module called researcher Facilitates Engineers in executing semantic searches related with the powerful databases for finding appropriate resolutions and concepts (Frey, 2006).

A. User profiles: data that is created by a user or pertains to a user.

Through the methodology proposed, we aspire to achieve a more efficient technology for generating keywords and finding more accurate data from the search engine. By saving physical memory and storing only what is important rather than all the data from a random website. Also, due to this we may achieve faster response time. So, here we can conclude that the proposed system may be more better than the previous systems

Launched on 15 January 2001, Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia that uses the web platform for online users to access. Boasting with over 26 million pieces of writing in 285 languages, Wikipedia has transformed to be a giant in the field of search engines optimization technology. The open source concept that it rides have made it cheap to access and a better choice for many online users. This is especially among the users who find it cumbersome to follow prolonged registration processes to access information on the internet. Any search term queried on the Google™ home page search engine will definitely give a hit from the Wikipedia site, and if not present, a prompt will request the user to create a page for such a term. In this way,

The Ontological argument is a group of different philosophers arguments for the existence of God. "Ontological" literally means talking about being and so in this case, that being is the existence or being of God. The main component of the Ontological argument can be found in the Anselm’s "Proslogion" which is a short work that tries to demonstrate both the existence and the nature of God. His main aim in writing the Proslogion is not to directly prove the existence of God but to moreover, to show the relationship between faith and reason. Anselm wanted to understand the object of the belief. He is also not trying to defend his belief against the atheist and neither is he trying to convince the atheist that God

Our knowledge of the world is influenced by mental processes such as the semantic relatedness effect to connect different ideas to help form what we remember in our memory. This stems from learned prototypes to understand different targets. Prototypes are typical representations of a category that a majority of people would agree to. For example, when asked to think of a dog, people would think of a golden retriever instead of a Chihuahua (Ashcraft & Klein, 2016, p. 280). Semantic relatedness is when concepts that are related to each other are processed much faster than concepts that are not and involves both category statements and property statements. For example, people would connect the word "chicken" to "animal" faster than "chicken"

Social tagging, which originally emerged as means for users to describe, organize and share content, forming groups known as “folksonomies,” has challenged the traditional idea of organizing knowledge within information systems, raising questions whether tags and folksonomies might improve information retrieval, thus bridging the gap between lay persons and builders (Smith 136-139; Lee and Schiyer 1747-1748; Rolla 174-175; 182-183). In fact, folksonomies have been proposed an alternative way to organize and find information, such as Park, who applying the “information foraging theory,” proposed that since users naturally collect and evaluate results, folksonomies can help facilitate the discovery of information through tag- browsing, allowing users to find related tags classified by others(Smith 137; Park 515-518; 521-522). Yet, despite the uniqueness of this model, there could be shortcomings, because while tags serving as categories for browsing might be a good idea for smaller folksonomies, it would be difficult for a user to find all relevant items (recall) within a large folksonomy of thousands items, especially if the tags are broad, not connected by multiple terms, and the user is looking for specific information (Unit 1). Instead, tags would be more effective as indexing terms, something that has been explored for viability against library systems, such as in OPACS.

Following the success of Netscape and its web browser, Internet became a resource and communication platform idolized by many IT students in the universities. What started off as a hobby-cum-research[1] work by Jerry Yang (now Chief of Yahoo!) and David Filo (Co-founder of Yahoo!) for their Ph.D. dissertations; has evolved and became an Internet sensation over time. What they did was to compile all their favourite web links to form an online directory for easy navigation in the World Wide Web. The duo’s work immediately garnered a lot of attention from many surfers in the Internet world and before they realized it, Yahoo! became one of the most highly visited websites of all time. The duo saw the

Issue: Patients and costumers treated as objects (a source of profit) vs. beings with individual needs . Specifically looking at the

Ultimately, I think this is the direction the semantic web will take – better database indexing, greater understanding of synonymous terms/phrases by search engines, and personalized recommendations based on user trends.

The system has two levels of views, a high level view at the namespace level and a lower level view at the class level. By selecting a particular ontology users can move from namespace level to class level. To make the maps more easily readable shorthand prefixes are used rather than displaying full URIs.

The ontology is an abstract model of real world that demonstrates the concepts and the relations among them in a specific domain. This conceptual knowledge base has vital applications in semantic web, search engines, natural language processing, information retrieval, etc. The ontologies can be produced manually or in a semi-automatic manner by the ontology engineering tools and knowledge acquisition methods (Darrudi et al., 2004).

Ontology contains a set of concepts and relationship between concepts, and can be applied into information retrieval to deal with user queries.