The Macrophages: The Immune System

A T cell are also referred to as T lymphocytes which are key cells of specific immunity as referenced by Krasner and Shors.

Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacterium that most commonly causes respiratory disease, including pharyngitis or tonsillitis, as well as skin infections such as impetigo and cellulitis. The organism is transmitted via respiratory droplets or by contact with fomites, and commonly infects young children. In addition to the common clinical presentations associated with S. pyogenes, some individuals develop the postinfectious sequelae of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Due to the severity of these medical consequences, prophylactic antibiotic use is often recommended for any patients with otherwise mild S. pyogenes infections (21).

Streptococcus Pyogenes is a very diverse bacteria with effects ranging from nothing or a mild sore throat, to flesh eating disease, causing death in 40-60% of patients. The major and most common illnesses associated with this bacteria

Edgar Allan Poe, the author of many famous short stories and poems, should be considered as a writer of gothic literature. The first example of this can be seen in his story “Hop-Frog”, as shown when the protagonist, Hop-Frog, says, “‘a king who does not scruple to strike a defenseless girl and his seven counsilors who encourage him in the outrage’” (Hop-Frog 10). This fits gothic literature because it shows that the story does actually have a moral. Gothic stories must have a moral, and Poe explains his moral in this line by explaining why the king deserves to be burned. After bullying Hop-Frog and his friend Trippetta for years, the king is finally being turned on. Another example to show that Edgar Allan Poe is a gothic writer is seen in

Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as strep throat, is an infection in the back of the throat and tonsils that causes pain, fever, red and enlarged lymph nodes, and in some cases a sandpaper-like rash known as scarlet fever. This infection typically takes one to three days to breakout after exposure and the symptoms last seven to ten days. Streptococcal pharyngitis is treated with antibiotics and pain medication. Streptococcal pharyngitis is caused by a bacteria known as group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. It is spread through direct or close contact with the bacteria. This is the reason that the infection spreads so rapidly in schools or other crowded areas.

Streptococcus pyogenes is a very common bacteria found in humans. It is very transmissible and can be caught through the air via coughing or sneezing. This form of Strep. illness is referred to as Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as Strep. throat, which can complicate into Scarlet Fever. It is also possible to be infected through abrasions of the skin, which can result in cellulitis, impetigo, or even necrotizing fasciitis. Aside from human to human contact, these bacteria can also be found in unpasteurized milk. There is no vaccine for Streptococcal infections, though antibiotics such as penicillin still work very well against them.

S.pyogenes is a species of bacteria that usually attack children 6-18 years old . S.pyogenes is also known as strep throat which is a really common infection.S.pyogenes is an infection in the throat and tonsils. No one can diagnose throat just by looking at your throat. Whenever you have the symptoms you should go the doctors so they can give a “rapid strep test” which involves swabbing your throat. If you test positive for strep throat the doctor will give you some antibiotics which will help you get well by decreasing the time you’re sick ,weakening the symptoms, stops its infectivity and it also prevents more serious complications such as tonsil and sinus infections and rheumatic fever.

“Streptococcus is a bacteria that infects the Immune System. The Immune System is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that all work together to protect the body”("Immune Response"). According

Strep throat is a caused by streptococcus that take over the cells in the throat. It affects the immune system. The immune system is a system that fights back pathogens. If germs infect the immune system, it can cause you to get sick. “The immune response controls the immune system.” (Human Biology and Health 148). “The cells of the immune system can choose between different kinds of pathogens. The immune system cells react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at those pathogens.” (Human Biology and Health 148). “The white blood cells that choose between different kinds of pathogens are called lymphocytes. There are two big kinds of lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, otherwise known as B cells and T cells that work together to destroy pathogens such as flu viruses.” (Human Biology and Health 148).

Many scientific discoveries have been made that better society, however, the pursuit of knowledge has the potential to come with a great price. Lord Byron’s “Prometheus” alludes to the Greek myth of the titan Prometheus who was sentenced to a life of torture simply because he gave mankind fire in order for them to become educated and obtain light. Mary Shelly, a close friend of Lord Byron’s, wrote Frankenstein which also centers around the same concept, that the discovery of experimental knowledge can come at a terrific price. Lord Byron’s “Prometheus” parallels yet contrasts the educational themes and biblical allusions in Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein.

Strep throat is a common, contagious infection caused by group A streptococcus, bacteria that presents as a sore throat. The bacteria that causes strep throat tend to

Streptococcus pneumoniae is found worldwide. The common host is the human body, in which it often does not cause disease but at other times it can cause diseses in particular, pneumonia. It also causes otitis media, bacteremia, meningitis, peritonitis, and sinusitis. The route by which this organism is spread is from human to human in the form of aerosol droplets. When inside the host the organism’s primary site of pneumococcal colonization is the nasopharynx. From this site it can aspire to the lungs, eventually spread to the blood and traverse the blood-brain barrier to the meninges, once inside the blood it can cause infections throughout the body. Symptoms of the disease include sudden

The organs that make up the lymphatic and immune system are the tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. White blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, and platelets (thrombocytes) make up the blood. Lymphocytes are leukocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight off diseases. Two types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. Lymphocytes recognize antigens, or foreign substances/matter, in the body. Lymphocytes are a classification of agranulocytes, or cells (-cytes) without (a-) granules (granul/o) in the cytoplasm. B cells are created from stem cells, which are located in the bone marrow. B cells respond to antigens by becoming plasma cells. These plasma cells then create antibodies. Memory B cells produce a stronger response with the next exposure to the antigen. B cells fight off infection and bacteria while T cells defend against viruses and cancer cells. A hormone created by the thymus gland called thymosin changes lymphocytes into T cells. The thymus gland is active when you are a child and slowly shrinks, as you get older. T cells bind to the antigens on the cells and directly attack them. T cells secrete lymphokines that increase T cell production and directly kill cells with antigens. There are three types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells.

Streptococcus is an infection caused by a bacterium known as streptococci. When fighting a bacterial infection, the body produces antibodies which identify the bacteria, such that it can be destroyed by the body. Typically, the streptococci are eliminated by way of urination, however it can become trapped within the glomerulus, and therefore cause

Strep throat is not the only disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. All cases of symptomatic Strep throat should be treated with antibiotics to prevent the progression of infection to more serious disease. There are many diseases linked to complications of S. pyogenes infection. Localized skin infections (impetigo)1, erysipelas, and cellulitis all result from the spread and multiplication of Streptococcus pyogenes into deeper layers of skin and muscle fascia. Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating bacteria) is a recognized result of this spread, which more often than not requires immediate surgery to remove the dead and permanently damaged tissue5. As bacteria spread, they can lead to localized infections throughout the body. Such as tonsils (tonsillitis), skin (cellulitis), muscle (myositis), sinuses (sinusitis), middle ear (otitis media), and even blood (septicemia)4. Bacterial toxins also prove dangerous, as they have been linked to scarlet fever,