The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson

Andrew Lansley once said “Peer pressure and social norms are powerful influences on behavior, and they are classic excuses.” Most people tend to follow cultural customs because they have grown with them or it has been forced onto them with factors such as parents or their environment. However, is it always right to follow these customs even if they are in fact considered wrong? Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” is a short story about the cultural norms of a small community and its annual lottery ritual; a stoning. Jackson overthrows the story by making the lottery a corrupt occurrence rather than a victory. The reader would probably think that the “winner” of the lottery would be benefited but in this case the victory was not so delightful. In her short story “The Lottery” Jackson seemingly uses ordinary details about the setting and the townspeople to characterize her theme that although society claims to be civilized, and may appear so, it is inherently barbaric.

Once upon a time there was a little village. In this village three hundred people happily farmed and played and went about their business. The children went to school while the men cut wood or farmed, and the women cooked and cleaned. Every summer in June each of villagers took part in the traditional lottery drawing and one villager was picked for the prize – a stoning. In 1948, Shirley Jackson published this short story known as “The Lottery,” in The New York Times. The story’s plot shocked readers all over America as they learned of the horror happening in such a quaint town. Jackson purposely set this tragic event in this innocent setting to emphasize humanity’s cruelty. Using her appalling short story, The Lottery,

b. Background In the short story “The Lottery,” the inhabitants of a village participate in a lottery, which is essentially a tradition for them. However, the villagers are oblivious to the true consequences and destructiveness of their death ritual. One June day each year, the lottery is conducted and the “winner” is violently stoned to death. The very same day, the villagers return home and carry on with their normal day-to-day functions.

According to Philip Zimbardo the author of The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil, he says “Good people can be induced, seduced, and initiated into behaving in evil ways. They can also be led to act in irrational, stupid, self-destructive, antisocial, and mindless ways when they are immersed in 'total situations ' that impact human nature in ways that challenge our sense of the stability and consistency of individual personality, of character, and of morality” (Philip). In the short story “The Lottery”, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty.

In some ways, “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson could be seen as controversial. Within the first paragraph, we are left with two main questions; “what is the lottery?” and “why does it happen?” A major theme that answers the first question is all about tradition. Yes, the lottery is a tradition in many towns. No one has ever questioned this tradition, even though it is quite inhumane. In all honesty, you could compare this story very well to The Hunger Games just because of what this tradition consists of. Imagine being in a town of around three hundred people and having your life put on the line. The lottery itself comes down to all of the townspeople meeting up, and each family name is read by Mr. Summers, and the head of the family

“The Lottery”, an idiosyncrasy full of twisted hidden symbolisms and horror by Shirley Jackson. The symbolisms, the black box, the three legged stool and the stones used in the lottery, are a vivid reference to a sociological event where tradition outweighs moral rationalism. It’s a well written fictional illustration, yet fierce in its details and horror against a human agency where the long history of the tradition, The Lottery, morally crushes rationalism.

One of the most shocking literary devices in Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” is the setting. “The Lottery” being set in any town of the United States of America points to how important the reoccurring theme is. By not placing the story in any specific place, Jackson leaves the readers to wonder and evaluate the general inhumanity that surrounds them. When it comes to saving oneself a person seems to easily harm someone else. Along with the setting Jackson uses a great deal of irony, motifs, and symbolism to illustrate how easily society conforms in order to save oneself in “The Lottery.”

“The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson artfully uses foreshadowing in order to build suspense and create a shocking ending. Jackson’s success in “The Lottery” comes from her ability to keep the reader in the dark about the evils, until the very end. She has masterfully set up what the reader believes as a pleasant event. But, it is not until the ending, can the reader see the foreshadowing of the evils to come. Through the use of foreshadowing, Jackson is able to contribute to the story 's overall effect of suspense and a shocking ending.

In The Lottery, Shirley Jackson reveals that people follow traditions without knowing the reason or origin of the tradition. Religion and racism are two beliefs that people acquire from previous generations. Jackson’s purpose in writing The Lottery was to compel readers to think about why they follow their traditions. Most religious customs are not harmful, but the disturbing practice in the village draws the reader's attention. The theme that people follow traditions and beliefs of their ancestors without question can be explained through The Lottery’s setting, characters, and symbolisms.

“The Lottery” is a fictional short story written by Shirley Jackson is a that signifies the obeying rules and tradition, as well as being rebellious. This all suggests that their not so lucky “lottery” is a conventional ceremony. The story centers on a small town on the town’s day of their once-a-year Lottery. The significance of the town Lottery is to ensure their belief to sacrifice in order to be given a plethora of rain to obtain a good farming season the coming year. The story focuses around the erroneous belief that if the villagers sacrifice a human to their Weather God, then the villagers will receive good weather to grow crops. The villagers believe that if they do not sacrifice, then they will be given insufficient farming conditions. “The Lottery” displays many literary elements throughout the pages, however, the ones that are most evident are the story’s setting, symbolism, and irony; the author constructs a paradoxical story through these elements.

It was a sunny summer day when all the villagers gathered in the village on June 27th for the annual Lottery. The actual event did not start until later on in the day, so there were little activities that the community members could do to keep them occupied. People would also go around looking for stones and collected them so they will have enough for the event. Mr. Summers is the person who conducted the Lottery. He has no kids so running the Lottery gave him something to do since he had a lot of time on his hands. Therefor he created the Lottery event and that was what he did to keep himself busy. The Lottery is the main reason of the villagers gathering together; at the event all the families from the village gather together to pick a slip of paper from a black box to determine who will get stoned by all the other villagers. In short story "The Lottery," Shirley Jackson demonstrates the dangers of a culture that requires people to participate in traditions that may lead to death.

In “The Lottery” Shirley Jackson writes about the game lottery, which makes the story very ironic. Unlike all of the other Lottery games, in this traditional version no one wants to be chosen, because that brings them the end of their life. Jackson explains how keeping up with some traditions that are part of people’s life, may not be the best choice to embrace a particular culture. Jackson uses the Lottery as an example to express her idea about the ethical issues such as; violent murder, harming people, forcefully following a tradition, and lying. All of these ethical issues are created by blindly following tradition in “The Lottery.”

Societies have always relied on traditions in order to keep a culture sustained. Sometimes, a tradition can lose its original purpose, thus becoming meaningless. When traditions lose their meaning, they can cease to utilize their original purpose- or becoming outdated. In “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson, she highlights the detrimental causes of what happens when a tradition is continued, and the original history is forgotten. There are many traditions that are no longer followed today because they no longer serve a purpose, but in “The Lottery,” the outdated tradition is still being followed by the community. Due to the brutality of “The Lottery,” Jackson warns of the consequences of simply following something just because “it’s tradition.” It is through the use of characterization, that Jackson is able to show the dangers of unquestioned traditions.

Shirley Jackson saw these crimes against humanity, and wanted to express how questioning nothing in your society can quickly unravel it until there is no humanity left. A society without empathy will surely burn to the ground as those with power stoke the fires with the weak as kindling.

Conformity is not based mainly on containing and supporting a society, but also to dominate and control what is within. The control of repressed individuality benefits those at the top of a power structure. From early on, men were considered the breadwinners and women were to maintain households; whether due to a difference in physical, emotional, or mental state; this was an unquestioned hierarchy. Therefore, any women who pushed back were ultimately punished for threatening the system. In “The Lottery”, Shirley Jackson uses literary devices of symbolism, irony, and characterization to reveal the danger of blind obedience, and implanting the thought of resistance for women. To an extent, conformity is necessary in reality; time has shown that laws, rules, and regulations that are innately bad can serve as the catalyst for rebellion, as recorded for the French Revolution, Vietnam War, and Czarist Russia. Conformity lays the groundwork for good laws to be constructed, and until that time, men are able to abuse and utilized the current laws for their own superior gain. One of the biggest “rebellions” is backed purely by feminism, where women are repressed by men. Unfortunately, in the past not many women knew their true value, and were prematurely silenced; however, Jackson is revealing the reality of the restraints.