The Learning Disability of Auditory Processing Disorder

On March 7, 2016, I observed Makenzie Cockerill in room A117 from 10:00-10:45 am. The client was preschool-aged. The clinician informed me that the client had low intelligibility. The objectives of the day were to work on the /b/ sounds and beginning vowel sounds. The clinician also planned to do a mini screening of Child Apraxia of Speech. However, she informed me that she didn’t believe that this was the case in the child, but they wanted to rule it out. The client had multiple speech sounds in error, so the clinician implemented a cyclical strategy.

People with a Language Processing Disorder (LPD) find it hard to understand the meaning of words they hear – even though they might be fluent speakers of the language. They also have difficulties finding the right words to say, almost like words are “stuck on

There are many types of auditory processing deficit and, because each child is an individual, APD may manifest itself in a variety of ways. Auditory processing disorder can also be developmental or acquired. It may result from ear infections, head injuries or neurodevelopment delays that affect processing of auditory information. Therefore, treatment of APD must be highly individualized and deficit-specific. Intervention or management of diagnosed CAPD generally targets three different

The participants consisted of 43 preschoolers with verbalization and sound disorders between the ages of four and five. The participants were selected through clinical recommendations in upstate New York from May 2007 to April 2008. Children were primarily from middle

Auditory Processing Disorders, also known as Central Processing Disorders, are difficulties in the processing of auditory information in the central nervous system. The definition for an Auditory Processing Disorder is frequently changing and evolving. According to ASHA standards in 2005, a “central processing disorder refers to difficulties in the perceptual processing of auditory information in the central nervous system and the neurobiological activity that underlies the processing and gives rise to the electrophysiological auditory potentials (ASHA 2005).” Recent evidence has declared auditory processing disorders to be a legitimate clinical disorder resulting from confirmation of the link between well-defined lesions of the central nervous system and deficits on behavioral and electrophysiological central auditory measures (Musiek, F. Journal of American Academy of Audiology). An individual is likely to perform normally in tests including clicks and tones, rather than speech. There is a significant difference between the receptors for audition and speech processing. It is imperative that these disorders are diagnosed and treated early in a child’s development to eliminate developmental negative consequences.

Students with speech and language impairment are often in general or regular classrooms. To help students with this type of disorders early intervention is way to address this communication problem. Children who are often classify, as high risk are those with chronic ear infection, genetic defects, alcohol syndrome, neurological defects or delayed language. Those who treat this disorders are called speech language pathologist and they could treat as young as 3. Around the age of two most children say around 50 or more words. At the age of there are very chatty and can begin to put sentences together. Also at three they begin to discover that different words having meaning. When the child is delay or one of the components of communication is disrupted the child is at risk for a language

How does sensory processing disorder affect learning? Sensory input plays an important role in learning. The effect of and impact of sensory processing difficulties are not fully understood or researched. Play helps children learn cooperation skills, appropriate social skills, conflict resolution, and about friendships. However, research has shown the correlation between sensory processing, play, and learning is unclear and inconsistent. (Watts, Stagnitti, & Brown, 2014). This is the second reason for the controversy surrounding sensory processing disorder. There is no clear cut or valid proof that sensory processing difficulties effect learning. Parents of children with sensory processing difficulties will disagree. There children struggle every day with things that typical developing children can perform without any difficulty or thought. Treatment for sensory processing disorder is limited and extremely expensive for parents. Treatment for sensory processing disorder involves a “sensory diet” which is an individual plan designed to help the individual function. (Delaney, 2008). Typical

CAS is one of the most difficult disorders to diagnose. Many speech pathologists are worried that it is commonly over diagnosed and misdiagnosed (“Apraxia: Speech Therapy,” 2011). It is not known how many children actually have CAS, but it appears to be on the rise. Certain factors, such as increased awareness of CAS by professionals and families, evaluation and identification

Those students are always in for a long road of speech therapy as well as, problems with reading. I am interested in new research in the area because these students are typically of average intelligence but struggle in school immensely because of their disorder. According to the webinar on Childhood Apraxia of Speech, CAS is defined as a neurological childhood speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired. The main features of the disorder consist of inconsistent errors lengthened, disrupted coarticulatory transitions, and inappropriate prosody. Motor performance is the generalization of learned behaviors while motor learning is the retention or generalization of learned behaviors. Motor learning is the problem that children with CAS encounter. Phonological awareness is important for students with CAS because they have difficulty with reading and spelling. The training of sounds can be done while also training speech sound production. A new therapy technique for CAS is using ultrasound biofeedback to establish a motor skill at the syllable or word level. The benefits of ultrasound are that the student can visually see the elevation of the tongue or retraction on hard to form sounds such as /r/. The disadvantage is that most clinicians do not have access to ultrasound at a reasonable cost to

Jolliffe’s first-hand account of what it is like to be autistic, allows the reader to invariably emphasise the difficulties she has with the processing of sensory-perceptual information. ‘When I was young I was thought to have a hearing problem – it was noticed that I did not always respond to people when spoken to and I had difficulty understanding what people were saying and in learning to speak’ (quoted in Jolliffe, Landsdown and Robinson, 1992: 12). Being under-responsive to sound can be evident even in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) whose hearing is normal. Similarly, Rosenhall et al. (1999, pg. 359) suggest over-sensitivity to sound, also known as hyperacusia is not rare, and specific sounds may evolve into the focus

Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a general diagnoses for disorders related to the brains inability to process auditory information correctly. Children with APD have normal development of their outer, middle, and inner ear. Thus, the hearing in the child is satisfactory. However the disability is in the brains lack of ability to understanding and decoding sounds, specifically sounds which compose speech.

An auditory processing disorder, is when your ears and brain don’t cooperate together, the ways in which the brain interprets sound through speaking and or sounds.

Across an endless time continuum through many different eras, many individuals from various different language backgrounds have experienced speech or communication disorders—including swallowing disorders, the incapability to coherently speak certain words, and auditory processing difficulties. According to the speech-language hearing association (ASHA), a communication disorder is defined as an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems (Asha.org, 2015). The severity of communication disorders may vary from mild to quite profound in a range of numerous individuals, regardless of era, heritage and ethnicity. A communication disorder amongst those experiencing

Communication disorder is impairment in being able to receive, send, process, and understand concepts of verbal or nonverbal communication”. It can affect hearing, language, and speech. (ASHA) A speech disorder is when the articulation or speech is impaired, which includes articulation, fluency, and voice disorders. Language disorder is when comprehension or spoken or written language is not understood. There are three areas that can be affected which include form of language, content of language or function of communication. (ASHA)

After taking the online learning style quiz and reading a description of what auditory learning is all about, I am convinced that I am an auditory learner. To be honest, I was quite surprised when I saw my quiz results but then when I thought about my learning habits and I compared them to an auditory learner, I could see that the quiz was fairly accurate.