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The Influence Of E. Coli

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In 1885, Theodor Escherich, a German bacteriologist, first discovered E. coli. E. coli is a large, diverse group of bacteria. It continues to be used in labs across the world for experiments and research. Escherichia coli bacteria is most often found in the intestine of people and animals that are healthy. While a few nasty strains of E. coli can cause vomiting, urinary tract infections, respiratory illness, pneumonia, bloody diarrhea, and abdominal cramps, most sets of E. coli are harmless and cause short periods of diarrhea. Contaminated water and food can cause people to be exposed to E. coli (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Genomic DNA is the finished set of genetic information for an organism. Although plasmids contain this genetic information, …show more content…

Kits can be used in a researcher's routine in the lab. Virulence is the ability to get sick. Molecules that are produced by pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, that contribute to the pathogenicity of an organism are known as virulence factors. These factors can contribute to the following tasks: attach to cells, avoid the host's immune response, entry into and exit out of cells, and inhibit the host's immune response. Restriction Endonucleases, also known as Restriction enzymes, are enzymes that cleave at specific sequences in DNA. The restriction enzymes are often known as DNA- cutting enzymes, which are found in bacteria. Scientists refer to them as restriction endonucleases because they cut into a molecule. The restriction enzyme will cut into the DNA after recognizing it. However, the DNA is only cut at special sequences on the nucleotides. There are hundreds of different restriction enzymes. Each have a unique recognition sequence. EcoRI is a naturally occurring bacterial enzyme and is a viral defense mechanism. It chops up bacterial …show more content…

An electrophoresis chamber is used as a way to separate DNA and their particles, based upon their sizes and charges. The shorter particles will move faster than the longer ones because the shorter particles are able to move easier through the pores of the agarose gel. The structure of DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is a double helix. The structure is composed of nucleotides that contain important genetic information used to help organisms survive, reproduce, and develop. The information is found inside every cell of organisms. The nucleotide on the DNA is made up of a phosphate group, a sugar group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). DNA’s information is determined by the order of these nitrogenous bases. Micropipettes can be used in the scientific field for transferring, measuring, or injecting small amounts of liquids. Micropipettes vary in sizes; they are capable of pipetting different amounts of volumes: (P20) = 0.5- 20 microL, (P200) = 20- 200 microL, and (P1000) = 100- 1000 microL. A centrifuge is a machine that is used to separate fluids with different solidities, which is constantly

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