The Influence Of Cardiac Muscles

The ability of the heart to contract stems from its possession of the SA node (Sino atrial node) also called the pacemaker as it generates the hearts own electrical signal and allows it to contract and pump blood to the rest of the body. This gives the heart a special feature making it the only organ that is capable of working outside the body if provided with enough oxygen.

During rest or normal physical activity muscles use glucose and break it down to CO2 and H2O to give ATPs (energy) to the muscles to work. This reaction requires oxygen which comes from the blood. Therefore your heart constantly requires to pump oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body muscles and carry back the CO2. the independent variable would be exercise, leaving the heart rate as the dependent variable; thus it is the one that it affected. This lab was to fully understand how the heart is affected by exercise.During exercises, more ATPs are required and hence more glucose is broken down, therefore more oxygen is required. therefore the heart needs to pump oxygenated blood into the muscles faster and Therefore the heart rate increases.

Cardiac output is the amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute and depends on heart rate, contractility, preload, and afterload. Understanding the supply and the practical relevance of each of these four components is important in interpreting the values of cardiac output.

6. Automaticity – ability of heart to beat spontaneously and repetitively without external neurohormonal control. The heart is capable of beating outside the body, given proper laboratory conditions. Automaticity is evidently linked to fluid and electrolyte balance rather than to nervous system control.

The body’s ability to adapt to changing conditions is a constant endeavor. Maintaining during intense change causes the body to adjust rapidly. The cardiovascular system’s ability to adapt during exercise has numerous adjustments to counteract the body’s newly acquired needs. The heart is capable of altering many functions such as stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output. In addition the heart can also undergo hypertrophy and increase in size. Cardiac hypertrophy occurs when the heart becomes stressed. Analyzing the causes of stress, and the heart’s ways of adapting we will explore the how cardiac hypertrophy is a relatively simple disorder which with knowledge can be prevented.

Has anyone ever wondered what happens inside of the body? Or about cell really makes the human body work? The answer is cardiac muscle. This is what really makes the body work. The cardiac muscle is located on the inner walls of the heart. It helps the heart pump blood to the rest of the body, without it the body would die, that is why it is the imperative for a person's health..

The heart is a muscle that is divided into four chambers. The top of the heart has two atria while two ventricles are located on the bottom. When the heart is healthy, the heartbeat will begin in the right atrium. The right atrium will send an electrical signal across the heart spreading throughout the atria to the AV node, then to the ventricles. This electrical impulse, occurring about 60 to 100 times per minute, causes the heart to contract. Each contraction equals a single heartbeat. According to the Human Diseases and Conditions article , under some conditions, almost all heart tissue is capable of starting a heartbeat, or becoming the pacemaker. A dysrhythmia occurs when:

They are striated and branched with a single nucleus. They are joined end to end in complex networks.

Oxygen and nutrients the body requires for function are pumped around this complex network of blood vessels by the heart. At roughly the size of a human fist, the heart is a four-chambered muscle and performs two functions of circulation simultaneously and continuously. Systemic and pulmonary circulation. The heart is made up from three separate layers of cardiac tissue; the outer layer called the pericardium, which is a double sac-like outer covering with serous fluid inside to keep the middle layer, the myocardium from adhering to the outer layer. This middle layer of the heart is the heart muscle which is thicker on the left side, to aid with the pressure needed to sustain systemic circulation. The inner layer of the heart is the endocardium. It’s lining is smooth to help prevent the blood which circulates around the inside of the heart from clotting. The heart is the human body’s in-built pacemaker, and the electrical signals sent through the it cause the heart to contract and relax. This process is triggered by the autonomic nervous system and the contraction and relaxing cycle is

METHODS: Bruce Protocol was performed as follows. The patients had blood pressure and heart rate were manually evaluated at rest, and the blood pressure cuff was left on during the test. Immediately following the initial readings, the patient stepped on a treadmill

The literature on the effects of exercise of cardiac output maintains the idea that exercise should affect cardiac output- pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, QRS-pulse lag, P-T and T-P intervals, because of increased heart rate. For our experiment, we tested this theory by measuring our cardiac output before and after some rigorous exercise. We measured the individual cardiac output and then combined the data to compose a class-wide data average. We compared the results of the experiment to what we expected, which was that exercise does affect our heart. Our data from this experiment supported the notion that exercise does, in fact, change cardiac output.

In the US, heart attacks kill more people than any other single cause. Many of the deaths are caused by electrical disturbances in a damaged heart that cause it to fibrillate (Pool). Despite current overwhelming interest in the operations of the human heart, for most of history the human heart has been regarded as a "forbidden organ too delicate to tamper with" (NOVA). In fact, it might have remained so, were it not for World War II where military doctors, faced with massive numbers of injuries ushered the world into our current medical trajectory.

One could say that the heart is the foundation to destiny. The heart commences the foundations of the living body. The heart’s sole purpose is to pump blood throughout the body so that organisms can live and thrive, but it is much more complex than just that. With that being said, this paper is going to be used to explain the physiological phenomena of the heart.

The heart is an organ that pumps blood all through the body by process for the circulatory system, providing oxygen and supplements into the tissues and evacuating carbon dioxide and different squanders. There are two sorts of circuits by which it pumps blood, the aspiratory circuit, where the blood is pumped through the lungs to oxygenate the blood and expel carbon dioxide and the systemic circuit, by which the oxygen and supplements are conveyed to the tissues and evacuate carbon dioxide. All together for the heart to beat, it requires three sorts of cells: The Rhythm generator, conductors and contractile cells. The mechanical arrangement of the heart is started with the pacemaker cells (conductors) that begin electrical

The heart is a large muscular organ and its main job is to circulate blood all around the body. The heart consists of three outer layers: the pericardium is the tough outer protective layer, the myocardium which is the middle muscular layer and then finally the endocardium which is a smooth membrane lining. The heart has four chambers within it. The left/right atria and the left/right ventricles. Between these chambers there are valves which control the blood flow between the chambers. The blood flows through the heart from right to left- The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from both the superior (top half of body) and the inferior