Repression was blown to frightening enormous proportions. Repressions even reached the "traditional knowledge holders" - Kazakh shamans-"baksi", which J. Assmann calls special carriers of cultural memory [13].
During this period, the trend of migration had been strengthened, and about a million ethnic Kazakhs was forced to migrate from their historic homeland to neighboring countries. It was the first path of formation of the Kazakh Diaspora, but there was also a second way: "creation of state borders separated part of the kazakh people and made it difficult to communicate with the main ethnic masses" [14], this process in science is called irredentism [15]. Thus, in the second half of the XIX century after the establishment of the Russian-Chinese border part of Kazakhs who had been wintering in the former Qing Empire territory was in the allegiance of China. Subsequently, in 1916 after the suppression of the anti-colonial rebellion in 1932-1934. During dispossession, collectivisation and famine some Kazakh tribes migrated from Kazakhstan to Xinjiang and took Chinese citizenship [16]. The main concentration of the Kazakh migrant fell on Russia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Turkey, Mongolia and China.
Due to the special historical and political circumstances, one nation was artificially "split" into two parts "repatriates" and "local", which naturally provoke the break of once united culture in two, conventionally called “oralman" and "local” culture. Both of these
Over 2 million people fled the Russian Empire in the early 1900’s due strictly to political reasoning. A Russian revolution and civil war which resulted in hatred refuges against a communist government in their homelands. Thousands more came because of the Germany and Japan’s invasion of Manchuria, resulting in higher emigration
The Yurok tribe, although mostly assimilated in present times, has continued to thrive and protect their culture. The Yurok tribe has endured a sordid history. The tribe has suffered great atrocities at the hands of western culture. The Yurok went from being a thriving people, to being assimilated, almost to the point of ethnocide, (Kottak) and finally forced to live in a small area that was once a part of their vast ancestral land. The Yurok people have strived up until the present to keep their culture alive. In this essay I will be discussing what the Yurok tribe is like today, what problems they face politically and socially, and what the tribe is doing to combat these issues.
(Norton, 36) There unity did not last for long because by 1700 the same group of people sent by England developed into two distinct societies. These two regions did not always agree with one another, from the start they both had very distinct and unique identities,
Chechens, who had lived as members of the Soviet Union, were also relocated during World War II. Prior to the formation of the Soviet Union, Chechens had been under Russian rule for two centuries. The North Caucasus came under tsarist rule in the early nineteenth century but fighting between tribes and the Russian army had occurred for much of that time as the tsar attempted to assert his dominance over the region. In 1865, there was a rebellion against the tsarist regime in response to forced resettlement to Turkey. After the October Revolution, Chechnya declared independence from Russia, but were forcibly absorbed into the newly formed Soviet Union after intervention by the Red Army. In 1934, Chechnya joined Ingushetiya to form the
Next, in Chechnya, following along the same lines of political conflicts as Xinjiang, just with a dose of economic and cultural for good measure, the revolution was brought about by the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. After the fall of the USSR and Russia losing its status as a world superpower, Chechnya tried to abandon ship, so to speak. They failed in securing their sovereignty, and in attempting it, caused both
“conflict occurring between individuals or social groups that separated by cultural boundaries can be considered “cross-cultural conflict.” But individuals, even in the same society, are potentially members of many different groups, organized in different ways by different criteria” (Avruvh, 1998, p.6).
Mikhall Bakhtin was a Russian Theorist that developed the concept of the carnivalesque. He theorized that the obedient civilians and upper-middle classes regressed into a crude and unsophisticated state and in contrast the subordinates are elevated as a theatrical prop. Rakhtin’s utilized this concept to explore the peasant culture throughout the middle ages and extending into the early modern era. This concept was used to explain the practices of obtaining justice prior to the wave that drove the civilization process.
Although Minik father (Qisuk) was told by Peary that the expedition was to see other parts of the world and view how others lived by Peary, it was far from the truth. They were there only to be examined and studied as part of Peary’s underlined motives of exploitation. This story also shows how even from that particular time how cultural anthropology affects not only the subject but also its entirety research that causes facts and fiction of holism to be questioned. Furthermore, it reveals
It is presently very difficult for a person to discover his or her cultural identity as he or she is provided with a wide range of cultural ideas originating in other cultures. Deculturalization is closely related to segregation, taking into account that both have been used as tools as the American government struggled to assimilate particular communities.
Hosseini begins to show the loss of innocence and the effects of the conflict with the Soviet takeover. “The generation of Afghan
The history of this area makes the culture different from other regions due to the change from
A nation is a group of people who share common history, culture, language and ethnic origin often possessing or seeking its own government. National identity refers to the distinguish features of group and to the individual’ sense of belonging to it. In some case even a little difference in pronunciation is enough to categorize a person as a member of different nation but in some cases two people may be separated by language, culture, geographical location etc categorized in
Being the world’s largest country by land area, nearly twice the size of Canada, Russia’s population ranks sixth in the world, and is spread across 5,000 miles from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. Russia borders 14 other countries, spans 11 time zones and has a wide range of environments that include deserts, deep forests, and an arctic tundra. Russia contains Europe’s longest river, the Volga River, as well as its largest lake, Lake Ladoga. Its climate can be described as highly continental, from extreme cold in its northern regions and Siberia to subtropical in areas along the Black Sea. Russia’s capital and largest city is Moscow, followed by St. Petersburg. These cities combined are Russia’s most prominent
Manic Depression, or more commonly known as Bipolar disorder, is a disorder that causes the patient affected to cycle through periods of depression and mania (NIMH n.d.). There are three general types of Bipolar Disorder and then a fourth category for those who do not fall within any of the previous categories. Bipolar I Disorder is defined by manic episodes that last at least 7 days and then a depressive episode lasting at least two weeks. Symptoms may be severe enough to seek immediate medical care. Bipolar II Disorder is defined by recurring depressive, and hypomanic episodes, but not to the extent of Bipolar I. Cyclothymic Disorder is defined by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that lasts longer than two years in adults, (for
A nation is said to exist when it could traced its origins through the state, in which it associate itself with, histories. Additionally, the cultural elites must be established and well-versed in writing and speaking the national language. There must also be a valid reason for its claim on a certain territory. It is only when these three requirements are fulfilled will the international community consider their claim for a nation (Hobsbawm, 1990: 37). Disagreements, however, tend to arise in the political community over the definition of a nation. This essay will try to list out the different approaches employed in defining a nation starting from a nation being a natural cultural entity to it being politically and