The Effects of Varying Concentrations of Crude Oil in Soil on the Growth of Brassica rapa Andrew Townsend Biology Department Birmingham-Southern College Birmingham, AL October 26, 2014 Abstract The effects of Crude oil on Brassica rapa was tested by the introduction of crude oil to the soil the plant was growing in. The crude oil/soil concentrations ranged from 0-400mg/g. We found that low concentrations of crude oil (5-10mg/g) was beneficial or had no adverse effects to the growth of Brassica rapa. For concentrations greater than 10mg/g the crude oil had a negative effect on the growth of Brassica rapa. We found that as the Concentration of crude oil increased passed 10mg/g the negative effects to Brassica rapa also increased. Introduction Crude oil can be refined to produce many kinds of combustible fuels (International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1989), but when introduced to the environment it can be harmful. Some of the major ill-effects are the decrease in growth or death of some plant life and organisms. Seed germination can also be affected by the introduction of crude oil to the surrounding soil (Henner et al., 1999). When crude oil is introduced to water in high concentrations, the growth of organisms are effected in a negative way and can cause plants to stop undergoing photosynthesis and death can ensue (Pulich et al., 1974). Brassica rapa is commonly referred to as “field mustard” and is part of the rapeseed group. Brassica rapa was chosen for
Oil is polluting the waters and killing animals in the water life as we know it .In this project i will prove that using Elodea plants will help reduce oil spills in the waters .Can the Elodea save our environment? Do Elodea plants help solve oil spill problems? If so, it would be a very cost effective, convenient, and natural way of keeping our environment clean. This science fair project was performed to determine if the Elodea plant can be used to remove oil spills in water. When experiment was done with gasoline, engine oil, corn oil and kerosene.
There is a drought in California which is in turn affecting the number of crops that can be grown in a given amount of time. Farmers now must find a way to grow crops in an economical fashion while also maximizing each yield as much as possible. However, plant growth can be influenced by seed variety, the amount of water, the soil type, amount of light, etc., and many other variables. For this experiment, we are testing the growth of the Brassica rapa, a mustard plant under the same conditions of water, sunlight, and oxygen, with two different treatment solutions. There will be two pots, one has a treatment of just deionized water and the other a treatment of fertilizer as well as deionized water. Because the fertilizer has the added benefit of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium along with the same quantity of deionized water as the first pot, it is hypothesized that both sets of plants will grow, however the pot with fertilizer will grow more than the pot with just water treatment.
On August 28, 1859, George Bissell and Edwin L. Drake found oil in oil creek Pennsylvania. Oil did not become popular (or a major industry) until the late 1800’s. It was still a great improvement and (in today's time) one of the most important advancements all-time It is important because most everything that is in the world requires oil in order to run properly. Oil fuel our airplanes, cars, and trucks, to heat our homes, and to make products like medicines and plastics. It pollutes our environment. It causes danger to plants and animals d spilled. When the oil spilled n the sea, it caused tremendous danger to the sea animals. Oil helps because after being distilled it causes tarry residue which helps road surfacing, and for roofing. When
II. The problem exists in northern Alberta, where large deposits of oil exist. The oil is costly to extract, but high prices have made this process viable in recent years. The environmental problems are created during the extraction process. The oil is removed from the sands by mixing it with hot water, skimming off the bitumen, and then centrifuging the bitumen (Oil Sands Centre, 2009). This process is energy-intensive, and byproducts end up in the atmosphere or in tailing ponds that threaten the local watershed. Sulfur dioxide in particular is a major pollutant that results from the process and causes acid rain. Nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds are also created in the
The oil and refined products are a mixture of various hydrocarbons and other compounds whose physical and chemical properties vary; during an oil spill, the composite determines the behavior and impact on the environmental elements such as physical, biological, ecosystem, and the economical impact. During this Case Study I will continue to discuss the characteristics of each affected ecosystem including organisms commonly found in the Deepwater Horizon Spill affected area, potential threats based on their relative location to the spill, and the economic impact of damages in these communities.
is an examination of how different sources of energy impact the environment. The information in the article includes the results of a study they conducted to ascertain how the different sources of energy affect the environment and the ecosystems. Therefore, it looks at the different sources of energy and how efficient they are from the environmental conservation point of view. According to the journal article, all sources of energy including natural gas, Oil, and water have adverse effects on land and the general environment but of all the three, the most environmentally destructive source of energy is oil, which places natural gas at a better position when looking at how good each of the sources of energy are I relation to their impact on the natural environment. This article will be helpful when making a comparison o the benefits and effects that oil and natural gas and oil have on the environment.
Oil drilling is the process of perforating oil from the earth’s surface. This process can be dangerous. The drilling process can be harmful to nearby animal life. The process used to locate oil waves can be harmful to animal life. When the oil ascends, it brings with it a number of deadly chemicals. The chemicals released can consist of mercury and arsenic. Other substances such as lead have been known to ascend with the oil (Horton, Jennifer, 1).
The article studied the effects of the oil spill from the Deepwater Horizon oil rig operated by British Petroleum in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010. The spill released 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The spill impacted hundreds of miles of marine ecosystem along the Louisiana, Alabama, and Florida coastlines. (Cisneros-Montemayor, Sumaila, Dyck, Huang, Jacquet, Kleisner, & et al, 2012, p.499) The impacts on the marine ecosystem trickled down to impact economic functions of commercial fishing, mariculture, tourism, energy markets, and recreation. (Cisneros-Montemayor, Sumaila, Dyck, Huang, Jacquet, Kleisner, & et al, 2012, p.500) Considering the geographical located of the oil spill, the tropical system of the Gulf of Mexico played a key role during the oil spill. Tropical systems make a great habitat for mangroves and marshes, but these types of plants tend to suck up the oil and can retain it for long periods of time. (Cisneros-Montemayor, Sumaila, Dyck, Huang, Jacquet, Kleisner, & et al, 2012, p.501)
Moreover, the bitumen extracts have low pristine/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio (<0.8). In contrast, the ratio is relatively higher in oils (3.75- 5.32) indicating a generation from different source rocks. The degree of waxiness is high in the oil samples (0.55 - 0.70) signifies a considerable terrigenous input. Consistently, the oils show relatively lower Pr/nC17, Ph/nC18 ratios (maximum 0.92 and 0.3 respectively) compared with the bitumen samples (maximum 1.19 and 1.37) indicating a different kerogen
This essay is about how oil drills affect the earth. It affects oceans,the ground,and it affects the animals.
Over the years, the oil industry has grown larger. Shipments of oil have been moved by sea from one country to another. In this event, oil spills tend to occur. This disaster can affect the environment in many ways. It can affect both the animals and the habitats living in the habitats.
In Santa Barbara, California, in 1969, even though the spilled oil was not even very large, thousands of dolphins, seals, and birds were killed (Ivanovich, and Hays, 2008). Moreover, in the Gulf of Mexico, 82,000 birds, roughly 6,165 sea turtles, approximately 25,900 marine mammals, and indefinite amount of oysters, fishes, corals, and crabs have been harmed or killed by the spilled oil. Additionally, the spilled has killed many aquatic plants. ( A Center for Biological Diversity Report, 2008). As a result, vegetation, which are the most essential part of the ecological pyramid, and other animals will be affected negatively by the dangerous impact of the spilled oil, which probably is going to cause some problems in the ecological pyramid. In fact, any defect in the ecological pyramid may become a dreadful problem that occurs an ecological
Crude oil is a flammable liquid found in subterranean deposits and best known for its use as a fuel and as a raw material for chemical products.
What the oil - effect is. The oil - effect is how oil affects different things like animals and other wildlife. People might want to know how oil kills animals and makes animals leave their “home” Because of pollution and how much oil it takes to contaminate a big section of water. Lots of people
A study was carried out to assay for oil-degrading potential of fungi isolates on diesel, kerosene and petrol. Water samples were collected aseptically and analyzed microbiologically using standard techniques. The fungi isolated from the water samples were: Trichoderma viridae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Stochyborys atra. The confirmatory test for oil utilization potential of the isolated fungi was carried out using the enrichment method, minimal salt broth (MSB). There were variations in the growth patterns of each of the fungal species