The Effects Of Osteoporosis On The Remodeling Cycle

in the development and onset of this disease. Sex hormones, such as estrogen previously mentioned, as well as testosterone in men can help build and maintain healthy bones. When these hormone levels decrease, which is not uncommon in old age, the chance for osteoporosis increase significantly.

The first type of medications they discussed was calcium and vitamin D supplementation. They discussed how in a few nations calcitriol and alfa calcidol have been utilized as engineered analogs of vitamin D for the treatment of osteoporosis. A meta-investigation demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation alone can't diminish break chance. In any case, the consequences of another meta-examination uncovered a break hazard diminishment at vertebral and non-vertebral locales. The useful impact of calcitriol was accounted for anticipation of bone misfortune in osteoporosis after glucocorticoid treatment or after transplantation of strong organ or undifferentiated cell. The primary unfavorable impacts of vitamin D subordinates are expanding the serum and pee level of

Osteoporosis is a treatable disease, but not a curable one. There are different types of treatment for osteoporosis. Some of the medications that can be taken for treatment of osteoporosis are estrogen, bisphosphonates, calcitionin, raloxifene, parathyroid hormone, and testosterone replacement (UCSF Medical Center, 2010). Some of the more common names for bisphosphonates are Fosamax, Actonel, Boniva, and Reclast (Mayo Clinic, 2009). These treatments are taken orally once a week or once a month. In addition to the medications, there is also the treatment of exercise and diet. With a diet high in calcium, stopping unhealthy habits, like smoking and drinking, and regular exercise can reduce the likelihood of bone fractures in people with osteoporosis (The New York Times, 2010). In Ms. Duckworth’s incident, it would be recommended that she increase the amount of calcium in her diet and exercise, and depending on the severity of the osteoporosis, medication.

Osteoporosis is developed when the bones lose minerals (such as calcium) too quickly and the body cannot replace them fast enough. This causes bone density to decrease and the bones to become porous, making them more fragile and susceptible to breaking. There are many risk factors for osteoporosis, some of which can be changed, some of which cannot. Those that cannot be changed include gender (women are more likely to develop osteoporosis), age (older people have a higher risk), physical build (smaller people have more of a chance), and family history (those with parents who have/had osteoporosis are more at risk). However, factors that can be changed include the level of sex hormones, diet, inactive lifestyle, excessive use of alcohol, smoking,

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

396). When blood calcium needs to be replenished, the trabecular bone gives up minerals. The loss of trabecular bone is significantly apparent in men and women in their 30s. However, the trabecular bone can start to desintegrate whenever calcium withdrawals exceed deposits. Furthermore, cortical bone also gives up calcium, however this occurs at a slower and steadier pace. The cortical bone begins to give up ususally around someone in their 40s. Therefore, as bone loss continues, bone density begins to decline, which causes osteoporosis to become apparent. For instance, "Bones become so fragil that even the body's own weight can overburden the spine - vertebrae may suddenly disintegrate and crush down, painfully pinching major nerves" (Whitney & Rolfes, 2013, p. 396). Nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis tend to occur in the older age, female gender, smaller frame Caucasian, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino. In addition, it occurs in people with family history of osteoporosis or fractures. However, modifiable risk factors include, sedentary lifestyle, diet inadequare in clacium and vitamin D, diet excessive in protein, sodium, caffeine, cigarrette smoking, alcohole abuse and low

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become brittle and lose their durable architecture. This condition can be caused as a side effect of some drugs such as corticosteroids, hormonal changes or due to nutritional deficiencies. The pathogenesis behind osteoporosis is an imbalance between bone catabolism and anabolism; which nutrition contributes greatly to. The two main nutrients that are implicated with bone turnover are calcium and vitamin D, and a deficiency in either of them can result in impaired bone matrix deposition.

Treatment can vary based on an individual’s risk of breaking their bones, as indicated by a bone density test. If the patient’s risk is not high, treatment can focus more on risk factors for bone loss and falls. Those who have a high risk of bone fractures can be prescribed medications, such as Alendronate, Risedronate, and Ibandronate. There are also alternative medications that an individual can implement. For instance, soy protein can aid the bone tissue, similar to how estrogen acts. A treatment method specifically for women is estrogen therapy, which helps to maintain bone density. A treatment method for men regards testosterone replacement therapy, which improves the low amount of

According to Elaine N. Marieb & Katja Hoehn (2016). Human Anatomy & Physiology, vol. 10 p192 “Osteoporosis has traditionally been treated with calcium and vitamin D supplements, weight-bearing exercise, and hormone (estrogen) replacement therapy (HPT)”. These are a few things for treatment or prevention. This can be a treatment and a way to prevent osteoporosis from the beginning. Hormone replacement therapy does not reverse the disease but it does help it decrease slower. For example, if the disease is already developed the supplement can help it be slower rather than faster. When this happens then the bone does no become weak faster. Even though this can be an opinion of treatment the topic is debatable because it can come with a lot of other risk factors such as a stroke, a heart attack, or even breast cancer. Many people would take this treatment but others will

Distal Radius Fractures (DRF) are common fractures encountered in orthopedics within the elderly. As reported by Koval and Zuckerman (1998) the elderly have an increased number of DRF for numerous reasons including the fragility of osteopenic bone, postmenopausal osteoporosis and as a result of low energy trauma including trips and falls. According to Tortora and Derrickson (2009) they are more common in women than men because women’s bones are smaller, and the production of hormones in women declines dramatically at menopause, whereas only slightly in men. A study by Sennwald (1987) reported that after the age of 50, more than 85% of DRF occur in women, likely attributable to the impact of osteoporosis. Approximately one in seven women

Those who are genetically predisposed, intake a diet that is low in nutrients especially calcium and vitamin D, live a solitary lifestyle or drink or smoke regularly are at higher risk of contracting this disease. However, one of the greatest contributors of all is hormones. Hormones, in particular oestrogen are linked heavily to bone growth (Dr. Alice Robert,2002). Oestrogen controls the rate in which your Osteoblast and Osteoclast cells do their job. Osteoblast cells repair and create new bone while your Osteoclast cells break down old bone .A drop in oestrogen results in a

The tight coupling of osteoclast and osteoblast activity continues bone remodeling or bone metabolism. Loss of this coupling might give rise to several skeletal pathologies characterized by increased or decreased osteoclast and osteoblast activities (21). Bone remodeling process is controlled by nervous regulation. Inputs from the central and peripheral nervous system feed into the already complex regulatory machinery controlling bone remodeling(22). Florent et al. has described the function of a number of “osteo-neuromediators” including norepinephrine and the beta 2-adrenergic receptor, Neuropeptide Y and the Y1 and Y2 receptors, endocannabinoids and the CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as dopamine, serotonin and their receptors and transporters,

Fragility fracture is occasionally the first presentation of osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures has been reported to increase with age and over 50% of the incidents occurring in menopausal women aged > 75 years. Vertebral column and hip are the most common site of fracture contributing to a significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Additionally, patients with a history of a fracture have a higher chance of encountering future fractures (Anders et al. 2007).

Menopause comes a drop in defensive estrogen creation. For these females, hormone therapy is a treatment alternative. In any case, it is not commonly utilized as a first line of safeguarding. Particular Estrogen Receptor Modulators re-make the bone-protecting impact of estrogen. Thyrocalcitonin is a hormone made by the thyroid gland. The gland controls calcium levels in the body. Synthetic thyrocalcitonin, or calcitonin, is utilized to treat spinal osteoporosis in patients who cannot take bisphosphonates. It can likewise ease pain in a few patients with spinal fractures. The medication is accessible by nasal spray or injection. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) controls calcium and phosphate levels in the bone. Medicines with a synthetic PTH like teriparatide can really advance new bone development. The medication is given by everyday infusion in mix with calcium and vitamin D supplements. This medication is extremely costly. As Williams state, “It is for the most part saved for patients with serious osteoporosis who have poor resistance for different medications”

It reduces the mass of our bones, which makes it very brittle. It is a silent process that takes place and needs to be medically diagnosed by a professional. If our bones become too weak, then there will more risks for fractures, especially for the elders. It affects every bone in our body, but it is more likely to occur on the wrists, hips and vertebral column.