The presence or absence of light in cyanobacterial species in Inland Sea, Qatar: effects on carbon dioxide flux rate
Maryam Own
BIOG
14th of March 2013
Abstract
The Inland Sea in Qatar contains colonies of microorganisms living in both vertical and horizontal zonation. Cyanobacteria live on the horizontal upper-intertidal layer of the soil.
Cyanobacteria is known for existing for more than 3.5 billion years, and has therefore adapted to live in many conditions (in the cold Arctic or in the desert of Qatar). Since it is known for it is many adaptive characteristics, it is usually a subject for research.
The purpose of this study was to measure the rate of influx of carbon dioxide in the presence of light, and the rate of
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It can be concluded from the results that respiration took place in both the light and dark reaction because of the physiological of cyanobacteria, where the carbon dioxide uptake mainly takes place at night to reduce the loss of water
INTRODUCTION
The Inland Sea contains multiple microorganisms, where they are present in three horizontal zones, and one vertical zone containing chemotrophic species. First, the horizontal lower-intertidal zone contains distinct sulfur bacteria. Second, the horizontal middle-intertidal zone contains the halophilic bacteria characterized by their reddish color. Last, the upper-intertidal zone contains various species of cyanobacteria that include Nitrogen fixers and filamentous non-nitrogen fixers, which will be the focus of this study. (Mahasneh, Al-Thani, & Brown, 2006) Cyanobacteria are aquatic and photosynthetic bacteria that are known for existing for more than 3.5 billion years (Introduction to the Cyanobacteria) absorbing a wide range of wavelength, as they also contain chlorophyll f, a newly discovered type of chlorophyll that absorbs wavelengths in the red color region ( Chen M, Li Y, Birch D, & Willows RD, 2012). Cyanobacteria can also form heterocyst, which are responsible for fixing nitrogen for plants (Campbell Biology, 2011); this is important when it comes to the evolution of plants. Plants carry photosynthesis and respiration in multiple steps including: Light Reaction (Photosystem II),
This lab is used to test the effect the respiration rates in plants in animals and how it affects the level of carbon dioxide present in the water. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are gases that are vital to all organisms, whether it is given or released through that organism. Both plants and animals use oxygen and carbon dioxide for cellular respiration, giving off carbon dioxide as a waste product. This lab is an example of cellular respiration in both plants and animals. The change in the carbon dioxide levels will be
The ten most abundant bacterial families detected in our study were Koribacteraceae (Acidobacteria), Acidobacteriaceae (Acidobacteria), Sphingobacteriaceae (Bacteroidetes), Geobacteraceae (proteobacteria), Auto67-4W (Pedosphaerae), Acetobacteraceae (proteobacteria),
-In an enclosed environment measuring levels of CO2 and O2 could help to determine rate of photosynthesis. The NET photosynthesis is equal to photosynthesis-respiration to account for what happens during the night.
•For each of your two reactions, most of the reactants and products can be difficult to see, and concentration can be difficult to measure without the proper laboratory equipment. Therefore, it is recommended that the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced over a given amount of time be used to help qualitatively compare the reaction rates of each trial. If you have another way you would like to compare rates of this reaction, feel free to explain it thoroughly in your written lab procedure.
It is a gram-positive soil organism. Arthrobacter sp. will grow and divide in nutrient- rich soil. They are rod- shaped, tan to yellow in color, and smooth and glossy in colonies. Under normal conditions, they can grow rapidly and divide once every 2-3 hours (Poxleitner, M, et al). This bacterium is tolerant to multiple metals and it is extremely resistant to elevated concentrations of chromate It is also used in the number of carbon sources for growth including glucose, fructose, lactate, succinate, malate and hydrocarbons (Nakatsu, C, et al). In the SEA Phage Project, Arthrobacter sp. would be helping to create more bacteriophage to continue on completing the main objective of this
Microscopic organisms known as cyanobacteria are interesting for the following reasons: [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] Select one or more: A. Oxygen produced by their photosynthesis is thought to be responsible for the "great oxygenation event" about 2.3 billion years ago. B. The methane they produce is a greenhouse gas that could have helped warm the early Earth, helping to resolve the Early-faint-Sun paradox. C. The chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis in green plants are evolutionary descendents of early cyanobacteria. D. They are known to be the earliest forms of life on Earth.
The Purpose of this experiment was to determine the importance of cellular respiration in the processes of Life. The objective of this experiment was to determine the rate of cellular respiration and how the presence of carbohydrates and pollutants will affect it. Our hypothesis was that an organism has larger rate of Cellular Respiration with the source of Carbohydrates as compared to the one that is without the Carbohydrates source and vice versa in
Microbes are bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The earth was formed 4.6 million years ago. And a few million years later, by 3.5 billion years ago, earth was already inhabited by a diversity of organisms. The earliest organism is Prokaryotes and within the next billion years, two distinct groups of prokaryotes called bacteria and archaea diverged. Eukaryotes cell evolved from a prokaryotes community, a host cell containing even smaller prokaryotes .The microbial world accounted for all known life forms for nearly 50 to 90% of Earth's history. We are still researching microbial organisms today in marine environment, extreme environments. A microbial observatory is an NSF-funded project dedicated to the discovery and characterization of novel microorganisms and microbial communities of diverse
The CO2 production was measured with a CO2 meter (+/- 1ppm), in order to determine the rate of anaerobic cell respiration in yeast.
Prokaryotes are ubiquitous, successfully adapting to diverse environments as well as developing symbiotic relationships with host organisms (Lengeler, Drews, & Schlegel, 1999). Prokaryotes may have both autotrophic and heterotrophic characteristics. A cyanobacteria is photosynthetic, commonly called blue-green algae, and may produce toxins (Crayton, 1993). Bacteria are most commonly associated in the general
The genus Halobacterium ("salt" or "ocean bacterium") consists of several species of the Archaea with an aerobic metabolism which requires an environment with a high concentration of salt; many of their proteins will not function in low-salt environments. They grow on amino acids in their aerobic conditions. Their cell walls are also quite different from those of bacteria, as ordinary lipoprotein membranes fail in high salt concentrations. In shape, they may be either rods or cocci, and in color, either red or purple. They reproduce using binary fission (by constriction), and are motile. Halobacterium grows best in a 42 °C environment. The genome of an unspecified Halobacterium species, sequenced by Shiladitya DasSarma, comprises 2,571,010
See Table 1 and Flow Chart 1 for results of Bacteria # 1 and Table 2 and Flow Chart 2 for results of Bacteria # 2.
As we all know, efforts to reverse declination of worldwide fish stocks resulting from over fishing has led to an exploitation of the world’s fisheries. Nearly a third of the marine fish stocks has been overfished thereby influencing the destruction of ocean ecosystems. Secondary to over fishing is climate change. Increasing global temperatures coupled with increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) is changing the marine landscape as we know it. Severe changes in ocean pH, temperature and salinity may in effect significantly reduce or eliminate populations of oxygen producing phytoplanktons. These single cell organisms produce more than 70 percent of oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Ensuring the long-term sustainability of our ocean
Cyanobacteria, microscopic prokaryotic bacteria, are known for their green colour, their ability to convert sunlight into energy, with O2 as a
Over time, a cavity in the leaf developed that houses and protects the bacteria in a space without oxygen. The anabaena is then able to help the plant with nitrogen fixation. This cavity in the leaf also allows for cyanobacteria to be passed down through reproduction. (2)