The Effects Of 5 Fluorouracil, Penicillin G And Amphotericin On The Growth Of Pythium And Micrococcus Luteus

This experiment was designed to test and observe the transformation efficacy of the pUC18 and lux plasmids in making E. coli resistant to ampicillin. Both plasmids code for ampicillin resistance, however, the lux plasmid codes for a bioluminescence gene that is expressed if properly introduced into the bacteria’s genome. The E. coli cultures were mixed with a calcium chloride solution and then heat shocked, allowing the plasmids to enter the bacteria and assimilate into the bacterial DNA. The plasmids and the bacteria were then mixed in different test tubes and then evenly spread onto petri dishes using a bacterial spreader, heating the spreader between each sample to make sure there is no cross contamination. Each of the dishes was labeled and then incubated for a period of 24 hours. The results were rather odd because every single one of the samples grew. Several errors could have occurred here, cross contamination or possibly an error in preparation as every single sample in the class grew, meaning all samples of the bacteria transformed and became ampicillin resistant.

The purpose of this report is to analyse the growth of the bacteria known as Citrobacter Freundii as well as distinguishing what antibiotics effect its growth. This will be done so by answering the following question after completing its associated experiments. This question includes: what antibiotics are most effective in denaturing the bacteria? It has been predicted that chloramphenicol will be the most effective due to the fact that its medical uses are treating meningitis which is an infection caused by Citrobacter freundii. After conducting the experiments it was found that the chloramphenicol antibiotic was the most effective in denaturing the bacteria, although streptomycin was also affective. However, none of the other antibiotics were able to halt the growth of the bacteria.

The antibiotic amphotericin B causes leaks in cells by combining with sterols in the plasma membrane. Amphotericin B does not work against most bacteria because they lack sterols and do not contain a plasma membrane. Since human

In a study by Jun Lin et al., it was stated that bacitracin is an antibiotic that has a growth-promoting ability. This means that it would have no affect on inhibiting, or stopping the growth of bacteria, in particular, E. coli. On the other hand, a study done by Sukayna M. Fadlallah et al. proved that gentamicin proved a promising ground for treatment of E. Coli. Different molecular strains of E. coli were subject to different regimens of antibiotics, including gentamicin. The results

Although some agar plates were hard to see if the streptomycin had a definitive zone of inhibition. Ampicillin, erythro-mycin, penicillin, sulphafurazole was ineffective with no inhibition zone.

The aim of this investigation was to find out which antiseptics were most effective at preventing the growth of bacteria.

In order for amphotericin B to work, there must be sterols present. This is because it is susceptible to sterols. A bacterial membrane does not contain sterols, which means it can’t be used as an agent against bacterial infection. The antibiotic amphotericin B is an antifungal drug because Fungi have sterol in its membrane.

Being able to control bacterial growth is something that is important in our everyday lives. As shown in the previous labs, bacteria can grow and create colonies extremely quickly especially in the right environments. By acknowledging this, it is then important to get an understanding of how bacterial growth can be controlled by humans. To control microorganisms it means to inhibit their growth (static) and or kill them (cidal) (Kenneth Todar, 2015); therefore since focusing on bacteria the terms bactericidal and bacteriostatic are both extremely important for this lab. One broad method we will use to control bacterial growth is heat. The amount of heat needed to control bacterial growth is different for different species of bacteria (Kenneth Todar, 2015). Bacteria can also respond differently depending if moist heating method such as an autoclave with steam is used, or a dry heating method such as inoculating a loop over a fire is used (Kenneth Todar, 2015). UV works by damaging the cells DNA, without proper DNA, the cells will die and the object

The purpose of medicine is as contested of a notion as the term patient. While there are certain ends in which it is clear that medicine seeks to achieve, controversy often arises over how medicine chooses to achieve these certain goals. One such controversy is the treatment of patient-symptoms, more specifically, the role of medication in treating patients. The purpose of this essay is not to discuss the general issues of prescribing medication. Rather, the purpose is

These mutations, no matter what process that has led to their occurrence, block the action of antibiotics by interfering with their mechanism of action (1). Currently, antibiotics attack bacteria through one of two mechanisms. In both mechanisms the antibiotic enters the microbe and interferes with production of the components needed to form new bacterial cells. Some antibiotics act on the cell membrane, causing increased permeability and leakage of cell contents. Other antibiotics interfere with protein synthesis in cells. They block one or more of the steps involved in the transformation of nucleic acids into proteins.

Ampicillin is used to treat infections that are caused by a certain type of bacteria.

Antibiotics are chemical compounds that selectively interfere with the growth of microorganisms while causing little or no damage to the animal or human host. The purpose of this lab was to determine the effectiveness antibiotics against any given bacterium by means of examining the zone of inhibition, the minimum inhibitory concentration, and the minimum bactericidal concentration.

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to prevent, control or remove the infection or disease. Antibiotics are substances derived from a microorganism or produced synthetically or semi-synthetically, that kills or limits the growth of a living organism. Whereas antibacterial agents used to kill bacteria or, suppress their growth or their ability to reproduce. According to the mechanism of action antimicrobial drugs are work in a several ways: inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of metabolic pathway, disruption of cell wall permeability and inhibition of viral enzymes. Also, antibiotic drugs further classified as bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal. Antimicrobial drugs either

Antimicrobial chemotherapy is a highly respected medical science which has shaped modern humanity in many ways including the furthering the understanding of medicine. A wide variety of antimicrobial substance have been discovered, designed and synthesized. Modern medicine is highly dependent on chemotherapeutic agents that are used to treat diseases. Antimicrobials are combined of chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics. It can be defined as any substance of natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic origin which at low concentrations kill or inhibits growth of microorganisms and causes little or no damage. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy is a chemical compound that selectively inhibits or kills bacteria without suggestively harming the

The main objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of different types of antibiotics on bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Some of the main methods used in this experiment