Essay on The Effect of Herbivory on Plants

Diversity and abundance of scavenger species in seagrass beds in comparison to intertidal flat zonations in estuarine environments.

The intertidal rocky shore of Caloundra Beach is inhabited by diverse range of biodiversity of animals and plants, many of which have developed high levels of adaptations throughout their existence. The very boundary of marine and terrestrial ecosystem, this environment is subjected to extremes of the physical environment such as temperature, desiccation, wave turbulence as well the ecological interactions that commonly occur in biotic communities (e.g. competition, predation). However Rocky intertidal shores are easily accessible by humans and provide an enjoyable opportunity for passive recreation and for science and environmental education as well.

There are a lot of organic pollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal products that affect aquatic ecosystem. Some of things that can happen is, it can increase fish mortality, decrease plankton diversity and decrease growth of aquatic plants. Different chemicals were removed such as ibuprofen and fluoxetine and was observed with active and inactive duckweed. The results showed that the duckweed was impacted by the removal of chemicals. This experiment provided oversight of what chemicals do to the environment as well as how to screen for these different

The domestication of plants and animals lead to great change in the development and structuring of communities, as the hunter-gatherer lifestyle was slowly replaced by permanent settlements of farmers and villages. We can see that the communities varied greatly dependent on their local ecology, the resources available, and the time period within which their community was based. The road to agricultural way of life in the MIddle East is characterized by Four distinct stages. It was during the Kebaran period, and Geometric Kebaran in which hunter-gatherers began to utilize the plant and animal resources of the region. Architecture became a prominent feature of the Natufian period, as communities began to transition to village life from

Resource allocation as a result of herbivory has been predicted in plants, but of late has only been investigated. One way to determine resource allocation as a defense to herbivory is to measure both above ground and belowground biomass and calculate root:shoot ratio as an indicator of resource allocation. This study investigated the induced pattern of defense of resource allocation to root:shoot ratio as a response to simulated mechanical herbivory. Monarch butterfly larvae herbivory were simulated through mechanical herbivory of four treatments. It was found that there was a significant difference between species, but there were no significant differences between treatments. This study examines the divergent evolution in three species of milkweed responses to herbivory.

These algae are particularly important in the development of biofuels, as they produce lipids and alcohols which can be burnt as fuels. The amount of carbon dioxide released by this process is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide the algae takes in during photosynthesis, making it a sustainable carbon neutral

Some Gorgonia can be found near tropic or subtropic shores; this helps them more easily feed with the stronger currents and pull of the waves. Gorgonia have a symbiotic relationship with certain algae to help with having a more ideal consumption rate of plankton, their main food source. In this symbiotic relationship, the algae benefits from getting a stable home by attaching to the Gorgonia rather than free-floating in the ocean while the Gorgonia benefit from getting an extra “boost” from the algae. The algae goes through photosynthesis so it gives energy and oxygen to the Gorgonia. The algae also draws more plankton to the Gorgonia. Although the Gorgonia looks like a plant, it is indeed an animal and digests and uses food just as any other animal. This creature’s way of defending its body from attacks is by chemical defense, which wards off any unwanted creature causing it harm. Predators are typically

Suppose we walk into the woods, and the only vegetation around is the large hardwood trees towering above us. At first, we may think this is a great place to walk because there is not foliage to maneuver. However, this forest is actually unhealthy due to a lack of ground cover and native vegetation. The cause is an overabundance of deer eating everything from the ground to as high as they can reach. The excess number of deer and their eating habits causes many plant species to be completely wiped out of an area due to the overpopulation of deer. This is a result of inefficient practices and regulations by humans. Some of this problem is controlled by sterilization and predators, but hunting should be recognized as the main solution to solving the problems caused by high deer populations.

What is an invasive species? I believe an invasive species is an animal that has either come to a new environment on purpose or accident and caused harm by doing so. I became interested in this topic because animals are interesting to me. I did not consider any other topics. When I saw the topic I immediately went to research it. I knew bits and pieces of some stories invasive species give. New invasive species come every day because of humans and their ideas on what is best.

The enemy release hypothesis states that invasive plant species are invasive because they experience significantly reduced herbivory when they invade a new environment, which allows them to flourish (Keane et al. 2002). This study sought to confirm the finding that invasive plants experience significantly lower levels of herbivory than native plants and support the hypothesis that this difference in herbivory is directly responsible for the invasive species’ superior fitness. Levels of herbivory between goldenrod (Solidago sp.), a native species, and mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), an invasive species, were compared as well as the relationship between the level of herbivory on an individual plant to flower count and height of the plant. We

When only the facts are addressed, the choice seems clear, a whole food plant based diet should be adopted by every nation. The leading cause of resource consumption and environmental degradation today is animal agriculture (Cowspiracy). Our environment would be protected and current problems that plague the environment would subside. All animals could enjoy the status of companion animals. Neglecting to recognize that eating plant based saves 1100 gallons of water, 45 lbs of grains, 30 sq feet of forest and reduces the bulk of greenhouse gases is prematurely escalating mankind’s own extinction (Cowspiracy). Becoming plant based is the most sustainable method of feeding the planet’s increasing population (Food Inc.). Hippocrates famously

have an opening with a door on one side. When trigger hairs on the door are

According to Oxford dictionary a personality type is “defined as a collection of traits within one's personality that are thought to occur together consistently, especially as determined by a certain pattern of responses to a personality inventory. Stress is not always bad and can be very beneficial”. Everyone was born with a certain personality trait. The most common personality traits are known as Type A (TAB) or Type B. A TAB person finds it very how to relax and enjoy life. TAB people tend to live very stressful lifestyle that leads to an unhealthy life. A person with Type B personality trait will live a longer and healthier lifestyle than a person with TAB personality.

“Seafood includes edible aquatic life. Seafood includes creatures live in seawater, such as fish and shellfish i.e. crustaceans and edible seaweeds that is used for different purposes”.

Humans depend on plants in numerous ways. One reason we depend on plants is for consumption. Plants have the unique ability of producing their own food through a process called photosynthesis. In this process, plants are able to produce macromolecules such as carbohydrates that cannot be produced in animals or humans. In humans, the only to gain these macromolecules is to consume plant matter, or consume plant-eating animals (herbivores).