The Effect Of Strokes On A Cellular, Organ And System Level

stroke is an acute episode of focal dysfunction of the brain, retina, or spinal cord lasting longer than 24 h, or of any duration if imaging (CT or MRI) or autopsy show focal infarction or haemorrhage relevant to the symptoms ,which is a leading cause of death and long term disability worldwide. It results from transient or permanent disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to necrotic death of the brain tissue supplied by the affected artery. It activates an inflammatory condition in the affected area, marked by infiltration of inflammatory cells. Inflammation can induce an apoptotic cell death in the transition region between necrotic and normal tissue, so called penumbra, for a fairly prolonged period of time.[1].

A stroke occurs when there is a sudden decrease in blood flow to a localized area in the brain (Trakalo, 2015, p.1234). This can occur in different ways such as a thrombus, an embolus, a stenosis, or a hemorrhage - all of which can cause devastating neurological effects depending on the extent of ischemia and necrosis resulting from the decreased oxygen carried by the blood.

Stroke is a serious medical condition. It is life threatening as it is connected to the brain. Once the blood supply of the brain is cut to the part of the body then that particular part will have weakness. Just like our organs the brain also needs oxygen supply to work. If the blood is restricted, then the blood cells will start to die. The brain needs nutrition to work and blood is one way the brain can receive the nutrition it needs to function. A stroke is basically an attack on the brain and the people suffering from stroke can have a disability, brain injury and possibly death. When a person has a stroke this could only be for two reasons. One of the first causes for the stroke could be because of blood clots and this will stop blood

Stroke previously known as Cerebrovascular accident is well-defined as ‘an abrupt cessation of cerebral circulation in one or more of the blood vessels distributing the brain. Due to the interruption or diminish of oxygen supply causes serious damage or necrosis in the brain tissues (Jauch, Kissella & Stettler, 2005). There is a presence of one or more symptoms such as weakness or numbness or paralysis of the face, arm or leg, difficulty speaking or swallowing, dizziness, loss of balance, loss of vision, sudden blurring or decreased vision in one or both eyes and headache. Stoke is categorised into two types, Ischaemic and haemorrhagic

Sometimes known as a brain attack, a stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain stops. Brain cells immediately start to die due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients they need to function. There are two types of strokes. The most common type, called ischemic stroke, is caused by a blood clot that blocks a blood vessel in the brain. The other kind of stroke, called hemorrhagic stroke, is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain. Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death for Americans ("What You Need to Know About Stroke," 2013). In fact, according to the CDC, more than 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke every year ("Stroke Facts," 2015). A stroke can cause great damage in the brain and lead to mild or severe

Strokes are caused by a block in the blood supply to the brain which causes a decrease in oxygen and delivery of other important supplies which facilitate proper functioning. Fifteen million cases are reported worldwide annually, although not all of these cases are mortalities, the large prevalence of strokes ranks it as the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. (Figueroa) Because of the time sensitivity associated with the lack of resources to the brain, strokes are considered a medical emergency and early recognition of symptoms can help decrease the amount of damage caused . Although strokes do not always cause death, strokes most often leave the individual with some physical and cognitive impairment.

Often times, doctors will typically call a stroke a “brain attack” because the events that transpire resemble those that occur during a heart attack (Wang and Aamodt, 2010). Blood supplies a constant source of oxygen to the brain. However, a stroke occurs when that blood supply to any given part of the brain is suddenly ceased. If the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted this leads to the deprivation of oxygen and glucose to that area. The brain cells that are prevented from acquiring these substances, especially oxygen, will be quickly killed off. Strokes can be categorized into two classes: Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes (Lindley, 2008).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the term referred to as a “stroke” is defined as a cerebrovascular accident. This occurs when the blood vessel has a disturbance in its normal flow of blood, usually caused by a clot or rupture in the blood vessel. Following this sudden blockage in the arteries, the brain first starts to lose the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and vital components which keep it performing optimally, thus leading to death of brain cells (World Health Organization, 2014). Strokes differ in cause and severity. An ischemic stroke is caused by an artery that is totally blocked meaning the brains blood supply is completely cut off. A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a leaking or ruptured vessel to the brain meaning

According to American Stroke Association (ASA), stroke is a disease that affects the arteries that lead to the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. As a result, part of the brain cannot get the blood and oxygen it needs which causes brain cells to die (American Stroke Association, n.d.). Depending on where the stroke occurs in the brain, the level/type of impairment differs with the individual. For example, if a stroke occurs in the back of the brain, it is likely that some disability involving vision will result. Overall, the effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction and the extent of brain tissue affected (American Stroke Association, n.d.).

There are two different types of strokes, an Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke. Ischemic stroke is when the blood vessels become blocked, this can be from blood clots, particles

Stroke is a severe medical condition and is the number five cause of death and leading cause of serious, long-term disability in America. There are three main kinds of stroke, ischemic which is caused by blood blots, hemorrhagic which is caused by ruptured blood vessels that cause brain bleeding, and transient ischemic attack (TIA) which is a “mini-stroke” caused by a temporary blood clot. It is well-known that brain cells die after a few minutes when they are no longer able to receive nutrients and/or oxygen from the blood or even when there is sudden bleeding in and around the brain. After the brain cells die, the part of the body that they control will no longer be able to function. The signs and symptoms depends on the

A cerebral vascular incident can happen to anyone at anytime. Some people know it be called a stroke, CVA, or brain attack. The majority of patients who have had a stoke will have another one within one year. Stoke tend to occur more often in the southern United States also known as the “stroke belt”. This may be related to the larger number of elderly, tobacco use, and obesity. A cerebral vascular accident ranks high in the major leading causes of death in the United States, and it happens nearly every four minutes. There are three different types of stroke ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient ischemic attacks. The larger number of cerebral vascular accidents is known to be ischemic. The artery that supplies the brain with blood

A stroke happens when the blood supply to the brain is either interrupted, blocked or a blood vessel in the brain ruptures. These blockages are often caused by blood clots, which can form in the arteries connecting to the brain. When this happens, there is an insufficient amount of oxygen and nutrients going to the brain, and this causes the brain cells to die. It also is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States (U.S) today. There are three forms of stroke: ischemic strokes, hemorrhagic strokes, and transient ischemic attacks. These are also called mini-strokes.

With the subjective and objective data, the patient appears to be having a stroke. This patient risk factors included age, diabetes, high cholesterol and obesity. A stroke is the interruption of normal blood flow in one or more of the blood vessels that supply the brain. The tissues become ischemic leading to hypoxia or anoxia with destruction of necrosis of the neurons, glia and vasculature.

A stroke caused by a blocked artery by a blood clot or bursting of a blood vessel because of uncontrolled high blood pressure. There are main three types of the stroke. An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks one of the arteries which supply blood to brain. A clot may be caused by fatty deposits (plaque) that build up in arteries and cause reduced blood flow (atherosclerosis) or other artery conditions. (mayo clinic). About 89%, strokes are ischemic strokes. Ischemic stroke includes thrombotic stroke. A thrombotic stroke occurs when a thrombus stuck in one of the arteries that supply blood to the brain. A clot build-up of fatty deposits in arteries. Another type of stroke is called the hemorrhagic stroke. This stroke occurs when a blood vessel leaks or ruptures in the brain. A bold vessel leaks or ruptures from many conditions like uncontrolled high blood pressure or overtreatment with anticoagulants and the weak spot in blood vessel walls. (mayo). Some people experience a mini-stroke it is known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA). A temporary decrease or clot stuck in a vessel in our brain causes TIA. It happens less than five minutes. This stroke does not have any symptom, because the blockage is