Table: 9 Formulation Of Metoprolol Succinate Sustained Release Granules

Both Aspirin and the Unknown are soluble in dichloromethane, due to their non-polar characteristics. To separate the two components, sodium bicarbonate was added (see figure 3). Sodium bicarbonate reacted with aspirin and converted it to a salt, also forming water and carbon dioxide. It was observed that the solution "fizzed" when this reaction took place, showing the release of carbon dioxide. The newly formed salt then traveled to an aqueous layer where it was soluble, while the unknown remained in the dichloromethane layer. The two layers were then separated. To collect an aspirin solid, the combination of the addition of HCl and the process of vacuum filtration helped to break down the salt and form a solid. Then the solid was placed in the Fisher Scientific Biotemp Oven to dry it to a constant mass of 0.091 g, 32.97% of the total composition. The

Pre-Lab: Analgesic drugs are known for reducing pain, while antiseptic drugs reduce symptoms such as fevers and swelling. However, some of these drugs can reduce both illnesses. To obtain a pure compound in these drugs, the scientist needs to separate the desired compound by taking advantage of the different physical and chemical properties. Such as; different boiling points, melting points and their solubility properties. To do this a chemist can also asses the differences between acidic and basic substances when they are added to water soluble mixtures. Within this current experiment I will asses the

In this investigation, a TLC plate and ethyl acetate (solvent) were used to measure the Rf values of four different solutions of Tylenol, Anacin, Acetaminophen, and Acetylsalicylic acid. The value of Rf depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces that exists in molecules. The stronger the intermolecular forces are, the harder the solvent moves the molecule up, resulting a small Rf value. In contrast, molecules with weak intermolecular forces tend to have a high Rf value.

In this experiment, several analgesics were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the composition of an unknown tablet was identified. We define chromatography as the separation of two or more compounds or ions by their molecular interactions by either a moving or a stationary phase.1 There are different types of chromatography: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Liquid Chromatography (GC), and Column Chromatography (CC). All of which there two phases:

The three compounds that were separated was anisole, benzoic acid, and o-toluidine. Benzoic acid is more polar than anisole and o-toluidine which causes it to travel the TLC plate the least because the silica gel is polar. Anisole is nonpolar which causes it to travel up the TLC plate. The amount the compounds travel can help determine Rf values in order to find which eluent is suitable. 70% hexane and 30% ethyl acetate showed that it was a suitable eluent because the three mixtures match up their compounds on the TLC plate and Rf values.

II) , the addition of tween 20, transcutol and menthol significantly decreased the flux of ZLT compared to control gel whereas oleic acid and DMSO did not show a significant effect. Higher concentration of menthol (5%) caused maximum decrease in permeation followed by highest concentration of transcutol (50%). Significant improvement in permeation was noted with DMSO (1%), followed by transcutol (10%) and oleic acid (1%).

Levofloxacin cocrystals were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Varying ratios of levofloxacin and coformers such as stearic acid (1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7) and sodium saccharin (1:1 and 2:1) were physically mixed in a glass mortar. Each powder mixture was transferred into a round bottom flask and dissolved using ethanol as a solvent for crystallization. The round bottom flask containing ethanolic solution of the drug and coformer was attached to the rotary flash evaporator (Heidolph, Germany) and ethanol was evaporated under vacuum at 40 ± 2 °C with continuous rotation at a speed of 30 rpm. The solid dry powders obtained were dried in a desiccator at room temperature for a period of 24 h for complete removal of solvent traces. The dry powders were passed through a 250 m sieve with mesh size #60 and stored at room temperature in air tight screw capped glass vials in a desiccator away from direct light until further evaluation.

Introduction In medicine, prescription drugs are used to treat patients who have a problem and needs something to help fix that problem. These prescriptions usually involve pills or shots that the patient takes in order to feel better. What most people don’t know about these drugs is what they actually are. A lot of them, are what chemists call racemic mixtures.

Twenty Roliflo-OD® capsules were opened and emptied and the contents were accurately weighed. A portion of the capsules contents equivalent to 2.5 mg TAM and 25 mg TOL was weighed and accurately transferred into a 25-mL volumetric flask using about 15 mL methanol. On the other hand, twenty Vesomni® tablets were weighed and finely powdered. A portion of the tablet powder equivalent to about 2.5 mg TAM and 37.5 mg SOL was transferred into another 25-mL volumetric flask using about 15 mL methanol. The sample solutions of both flasks were sonicated for 15 min. In both flasks, the volume was completed to 25 mL using methanol and filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper. Portions of 1, 2 and 3 mL of each of the prepared Roliflo-OD® capsules sample

Multi use of single dose vials are the leading cause of life threatening infection. It may cause wide spread infections such as hepatitis ,STD’s or hospital acquired infections and can even lead to death. The Nursing staff must follow safe injection and infection control practices to prevent bacterial growth by the use of strict aseptic method each time. The use of storage, preparation, administration, and discard on medication in safe manner. The use of sterile alcohol or approved aseptic swab will control bacterial growth. Do not reuse vials once open. Discard the vials properly after single use even if medication is left in vials. Using a teach back style educate the patient on improved safety and controlled environment will prevent diseases.

Methods: Solid dispersions bisoprolol hemifumarate (SD-BH) was prepared by using EC and HPMC in different ratios. A 3* 22 full factorial design was used to investigate the main formulation parameters (different fillers, binder differ in the molecular weight and different coat type).

Sturmeny (2009) notes that clinical formulation is also known as case formulation as a fundamental skill for all clinical professionals in the mental health field. The primary purpose of the formulation is to assess the patient’s problem from a varied perspective and time span that helps in the diagnosis and treatment plan for the patient. The predisposing factors determine the vulnerabilities the patient is prone to; the precipitating factors evaluate the stress factors; perpetuating factors assess the maintaining factors while the predictive factors as the positive and the negative prognostic features of the problem (Fernando, 2010). The table below indicates the clinical formulation for Luis.

The objective of this lab was to use Thin Layer Chromatography to separate the different compounds found in four over-the-counter drugs. TLC uses the polarities of the different compounds to separate them and the uses their Rf value to determine the exact compound(s) present. Compounds with higher polarity will stay closer to the baseline because they have a stronger connection to the silica.

Tablet that contains a core covered with coatings is the most common form of medicine. In order to determine the distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in this heterogenetic system, Raman techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, Raman depth profiling and Raman imaging are utilized as well suitable tools because many drugs’ molecular structures are Raman active.

The selection of an appropriate dosage form is critical because a dosage form with poor drug delivery can make a useful drug worthless. A large percent of these new chemical entities (NCEs) in addition to many existing parent drugs often show poor solubilization behaviour which lead to poor oral bioavailability with wide intra- and inter- subject variation and present formulators with considerable technical challenges. [1] Many approaches have been meticulously explored to improve the oral bioavailability of such drugs including particle size reduction (micronization or nanosizing), complexation, and modification of the physicochemical properties. [2, 3]